PSI - Issue 71

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ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 71 (2025) 295–301

Abstract Martensitic structural steels are widely used in aerospace components due to the strength-to-weight ratio requirement. However, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) poses a significant threat to the structural integrity of these components. Aerospace components, such as landing gears, can become embrittled by hydrogen ingress during production processes such as electroplating or when operating in corrosive environments. Despite mitigation measures such as post-plating baking, internal hydrogen still persists in the microstructure of the steel substrates, which could lead to catastrophic failures when subjected to high in-service loads. Thus, investigating how hydrogen interacts with the microstructure of high strength structural steels is critical for developing HE resistant steel materials for aerospace applications. Quenched and tempered 4340 steel is commonly used in landing gears due to its strength and toughness. 300M, a modified version of 4340, is designed to withstand comparatively high stresses. However, it is imperative to investigate the performance of these steels when subjected to HE conditions. In this study, electrochemical permeation and shear punch techniques are employed to assess their performance at various hydrogen concentrations. Apparent hydrogen diffusivity was significantly higher in 4340 compared to 300M as measured using Devanathan-Stachurski permeation setup under different charging conditions. Consequently, the severity of HE failure was more in 4340 compared to 300M as evaluated by the shear punch testing. The variation in hydrogen-induced failure can be attributed to the differences in formation of second-phase precipitates due to the varying alloy compositions between the subject steels. Insights from this study will advance the improvement of martensitic steels for aerospace structural application. Johnny Adukwu a , Rajwinder Singh a , Alan Caceres b , Roger Eybel c , Mamoun Medraj a, ∗ a Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada b Safran Landing Systems, Mirabel, Québec, Canada c Safran Landing Systems, Ajax, Ontario, Canada 5 th International Structural Integrity Conference & Exhibition (SICE 2024) Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility in High Strength Aerospace Structural Steels

© 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SICE 2024 organizers

Keywords: Hydrogen; Embrittlement; Aerospace; Martensitic Steels; Precipitates. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000. E-mail address: mamoun.medraj@concordia.ca

1. Introduction

Landing gears are crucial parts of aircraft structural components designed to meet the strict strength to weight

2452-3216 © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SICE 2024 organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2025.08.040