PSI - Issue 71

A.B. Penurkar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 71 (2025) 150–157

157

7. Conclusions Tests were carried out to evaluate the strength of float glass under tensile and compressive loadings. Finite element analysis has been carried out to evaluate the stresses under cylindrical indentation. Following conclusions can be drawn from the study. ● The load-displacement behavior exhibits a nearly linear profile, with load increasing in tandem with displacement. Specimens fail at significantly higher displacements during compression tests compared to three point bend and indentation tests. ● During the three-point bend and indentation tests, the specimen fractures into two parts, whereas it disintegrates into powder during compression testing. ● The median stress values are 42.5 MPa for the indentation test, 50.5 MPa for the three-point bend test, and 740 MPa for the compression test. ● The shape parameter increases from 3.45 for the indentation test to 10.25 for the compression test, indicating greater variability in failure stresses under the cylindrical indenter. ● Maximum local stresses under the cylindrical indenter occur at the surface of the specimen, potentially leading to the formation of micro-cracks. ● Under the cylindrical indenter, a consistent tensile stress of approximately 42.5 MPa is observed across the full cross-section of the specimen at a median load of 1056 N and a depth of 0.12 mm from the top surface. This stress contributes to the specimen fracturing into two parts. ● The Weibull distribution model aligns well with the experimentally obtained failure stresses across different test configurations. References Antoniou, A., Biner, S.B., Bastawros, A.F., 2006. Experimental Observations of Cylindrical Indentation of A Metallic Glass Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 903, 1201. Bukieda, P., Lohr, K., Meiberg, J., Weller, B., 2020. Study on the optical quality and strength of glass edges after the grinding and polishing process. J. Glass Struct. Eng. 5, 411 – 428. CEN/TC129, EN 1288-2:2001 - Glass in Building - Determination of Bending Strength of Glass - Part 2: Coaxial Double Ring Test on Flat Specimens With Large Test Surface Areas, European Standard, 2001. Geandier, G., Denis, S., Mocellin, A., 2003. Float glass fracture toughness determination by Hertzian contact: experiments and analysis. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 318, 284 – 295. Hertz, H., 1896. Hertz’s Miscellaneous Papers. Macmillan, London, U.K, Chapters 5 and 6. Johnson, K.L., O’Connor, J.J., Woodward, A.C., 1973. The effect of indenter elasticity on the Hertzian fracture of brittle ma terials. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A334, 95 – 117. Marimuthu, K.P., Rickhey, F., Lee, J.H., Lee, H., 2017. Spherical indentation for brittle fracture toughness evaluation by considering kinked-cone crack. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 37, 381 – 391. Min'ko, N.I., Nartsev, V.M., 2013. Factors Affecting the Strength of the Glass (Review). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 18 (11), 1616 1624. Molnár, G., Bojtár, I. 2013. Effects of manufacturing inhomogeneities on strength properties of float glass. Mech. Mater. 59, 1-13. Penurkar, A.B., Samal, M.K., Syed, A., Chattopadhyay, J., 2024. Experimental evaluation of scatter in fracture stress of silicate glass and its thickness dependence. Procedia Structural Integrity 60, 355-363. Petr, B., Tomáš, B., Martina, E., Miroslav, S., Miroslav, V., Tomáš, M., 2015. Estimating the Flexural Strength of Float Glas s. Applied Mechanics and Materials 732, 341-344. Pisano, G., Carfagni, G.R., 2015. The statistical interpretation of the strength of float glass for structural applications. Constr. Build. Mater. 98, 741. Spence, D.A., 1975. The Hertz contact problem with finite friction. J. Elasticity 5, 297 – 319. Storakers, B., Elaguine, D., 2005. Hertz contact at finite friction and arbitrary profiles. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 53, 1422 – 1447. Veer, F. A., 2007. The strength of glass, a non-transparent value. Heron 52(1), 87 – 104. Veer, F. A., Bos, F. P., Zuidema, J., Romein, T., 2005. Strength and fracture behavior of annealed and tempered float glass. Proceedings 11th International Conference on Fracture, Turin, Italy. Veer, F.A., Louter, P.C., Bos, F.P., 2009. The strength of annealed, heat strengthened and fully tempered float glass. Fatigue Fract Engg Mater Struct 32 (1), 18 – 25. Weibull, W., 1939. A Statistical Theory of the Strength of Materials. Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalts Förlag, Stockholm. Wiederhorn, S., Yi, F., LaVan, D., Richter, L., Fett, T., Hoffmann, M., 2015. Volume expansion caused by water penetration into silica glass. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 98 (1) 78 – 87.