PSI - Issue 69

Stefano Rodinò et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 69 (2025) 20–25

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4. Conclusions This experimental investigation has provided comprehensive insights into the performance characteristics of shape memory alloy (SMA)-based active composites under aerodynamic loading conditions. Through systematic wind tunnel experimentation, the study has established several significant findings regarding the morphing capabilities and operational stability of these adaptive systems. These results contribute valuable insights for the development of active aerodynamic components, particularly in automotive applications where consistent performance under varied operating conditions is essential. Future research directions may productively explore dynamic response characteristics and long-term durability under cyclic loading conditions, while the development of optimization strategies for geometric and material parameters could further enhance the performance envelope of these active composite systems. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research through the project “ARIA - Active Responsive Intelligent Aerodynamics” grant number ARS01_00882, within the program PON “R&I” 2014- 2020. Tensile tests and IR full-field measurements were carried out in the ‘‘MaTeRiA Laboratory’’ (University of Calabria), funded with ‘‘Pon Ricerca e Competitività 2007/2013’’. Lagoudas et al. (2008) Shape memory alloys: Modeling and engineering applications. Springer ebook collection / Chemistry and Materials Science 2005-2008. Springer US. Sellitto et al. (2019) Overview and Future Advanced Engineering Applications for Morphing Surfaces by Shape Memory Alloy Materials. Materials. 12(5):708. Kim et al. (2023) Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuators: The Role of Material, Form, and Scaling Effects. Adv Mater. 35(33):e2208517. Sgambitterra et al. (2023) Fully coupled electric-thermo-mechanical model for predicting the response of a SMA wire activated by electrical input. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 362, 114643. Rodinò et al. (2023) A multiphysics dynamic model for shape memory alloy actuators. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 362, 114602. Perrone et al. (2022) Numerical and Experimental Characterization of Active Grille Shutter Loads for Automotive Applications, SAE Technical Paper 2022-37-0022. Rodinò et al. (2022) Shape Memory Alloy—Polymer Composites: Static and Fatigue Pullout Strength under Thermo-Mechanical Loading. Materials, 15(9), 3216. Zhao et al. (2018) Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of SMA/GF/Epoxy Hybrid Composite Laminates: Flexural, Impact, and Interfacial Shear Performance. Materials (Basel), 11(2), 246. Lacasse et al. (2014) Design, manufacturing, and testing of an adaptive composite panel with embedded shape memory alloy actuators. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 26. Zhou et al. (2009) Design, manufacture and evaluation of bending behaviour of composite beams embedded with SMA wires. Composites Science and Technology, 69(13), 2034-2041. Woodworth et al. (2022) Development of a constitutive model considering functional fatigue and pre-stretch in shape memory alloy wires. International Journal of Solids and Structures, Volumes 234-235. Rodinò, S., & Maletta, C. (2024). Multiphysics modeling and optimization of an innovative shape memory alloy-polymer active composite. Polymer, 307, 127316. Riccio et al. (2024). Morphing Spoiler for Adaptive Aerodynamics by Shape Memory Alloys. Actuators. 13. 330. 10.3390/act13090330. References