Issue 69

M. Khadim et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 69 (2024) 181-191; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.69.13

[29] Cui, H., Lo, T., Memon, S. and Xu, W. (2012). Effect of lightweight aggregates on the mechanical properties and brittleness of lightweight aggregate concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 35, pp. 149-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.053 [30] Badogiannis, E. and Kotsovos, M. (2014). Monotonic and cyclic flexural tests on lightweight aggregate concrete beams, Earthquakes and Structures, 6(3), pp. 317-334. DOI: 10.12989/eas.2014.6.3.317 [31] Rao, C. and Darter, M. (2013). Evaluation of Internally Cured Concrete for Paving Applications, Final Report, Illinois, ESCSI, p. 108. [32] Madqour, M., Hassan, H. and Fawzy, K. (2022). Finite element modeling of flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with CFRP sheets, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 59, pp. 62-77. DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.59.0. [33] Newman, J. and Choo, B. (2003). Advanced concrete technology 3: processes, Elsevier. [34] Neville, A. and Brooks, J. (1987). Concrete technology, Longman Scientific and Technical England, 438. [35] Slaby, A., Aziz, K. and Hadeed, A. (2008). Mechanical properties of porcelinite reinforced concrete beams, Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, 10, pp. 1-24. [36] Al-Kabi, W. and Awad, H. (2024). Investigating Some Properties of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced LECA Lightweight Self Compacting Concrete, Journal of Engineering, 30(3), pp. 177-190. DOI: 10.31026/j.eng.2024.03.12 [37] Manikandan,R., Shunmugapriya, K., Arunprasad, J., Sugumar,S. and Manikandan,D. (2022). Retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams using CFRP with various adhesive, Materials Today: Proceedings, 68(5), pp. 1635-1640. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.448. [38] Raj, A. and Senthilkumar, R. (2024). Retrofitting Methods for Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using CFRP, RC Structures Strengthened with FRP for Earthquake Resistance, Composites Science and Technology, pp. 269 279. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0102-5_12 [39] 440.2R-17 (2017). Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures. DOI: 10.14359/51700867. [40] Abdulah, M. (2015). Behavior of Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Two Way Slabs Strengthened with CFRP Sheets, Eng. Technol. J., 33(8A), pp. 1813-1829. DOI: 10.30684/etj.2015.108825. [41] Abbas, H., Abadel, A., Almusallam, T. and Al-Salloum, Y. (2015). Effect of CFRP and TRM Strengthening of RC Slabs on Punching Shear Strength, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 12, pp. 1616-1640. DOI: 10.1590/1679-78251277. [42] Al-Hadithy, L. and Al-Ani, M. (2017). Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of RC Beams without Stirrups Strengthened by Longitudinal Soffit Bonded CFRP Strips for Shear, Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences, 20(4), pp. 996– 1004. [43] Shabestani, Y., Kargaran, A. and Kheyroddin, A. (2022). Experimental and numerical investigation of rc two-way slabs with middle, side and corner openings, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil Engineering, 46(1), pp. 4383–4393. DOI:10.1007/s40996-022-00864-3.

L IST OF SYMBOLS

CFRP LWC

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer Lightweight concrete Reinforced concrete Fiber-reinforced polymer Light expanded clay aggregate Iraqi standard specification

RC

FRP

LECA

I.Q.S.

fy fu

Yield strength

Ultimate strength

Es Pu ∆ u

Modulus of elasticity for steel

Ultimate load

Ultimate deflection

191