PSI - Issue 68

Eyad Shahin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 238–244 E. Shahin et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

244

7

3.3. RCPT Results The RCPT results for the G30, G60, and G90 specimens are detailed in Table 6. The charge passed from the tested specimens varied from 780 Coulombs (indicating very low permeability) to 3100 Coulombs (indicating moderate permeability). The charges passed through the G30 specimens recorded the highest at 3100 Coulombs. The other specimens, G60, and G90, showed a decreasing pattern in the charges passed as the GGBS content increases, recording 1530 and 780 Coulombs, respectively. That is because higher GGBS content makes ECC less porous and therefore provide less pathways for charges to pass through.

Table 6. RCPT results for ECC samples: G30, G60, and G90 Specimen Charges passed (Coulombs)

Permeability class ASTM (2012)

G30 G60 G90

3100 1530

Moderate

Low

780

Very Low

4. Conclusion The study demonstrates the potential of GGBS and dune sand as sustainable alternatives in ECC. GGBS improves ECC's mechanical performance and durability as a cement replacement. The 60% GGBS mix had the highest compressive strength of 72.5 MPa and tensile strain capacity of 3.066%, while the 90% GGBS mix had the lowest chloride permeability, making it ideal for aggressive environments. Dune sand proved a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to silica sand, reducing ECC's environmental impact. References ASTM International C109/C109M-20b, 2020. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube Specimens), https://doi.org/10.1520/C0109_C0109M-20B. ASTM International, ASTM C1202-12, 2012. Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration. Holschemacher, K., Mueller, T., Ribakov, Y., 2010. Effect of steel fibres on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete, Materials & Design (1980-2015) 31, 2604–2615. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.11.025. Li, V., Wang, S.X., Wu, C., 2001. Tensile strain-hardening behavior or polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC), ACI Mater J 98 (2001) 483–492. Mahmoudi, F., Abdalla, J.A., Hawileh, R.A., Zhang, Z., 2022. Tensile and compressive strength of polyethylene engineered cementitious composite (PE-ECC) at elevated temperature, Mater Today Proc 65, 2081–2085. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.451. Mahmoudi, F., Abdalla, J.A., Hawileh, R.A., Zhang, Z., 2022. An overview of mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) with different percentages of GGBS, Mater Today Proc 65 2077–2080. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.448. Shkolnik, I.E., 2008. Influence of high strain rates on stress–strain relationship, strength and elastic modulus of concrete, Cem Concr Compos 30, 1000–1012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.10.001. Swaddiwudhipong, S., Lu, H.-R., Wee, T.-H., 2003. Direct tension test and tensile strain capacity of concrete at early age, Cem Concr Res 33, 2077–2084. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00231-X. Yu, K., Li, L., Yu, J., Wang, Y., Ye, J., Xu, Q., 2018. Direct tensile properties of engineered cementitious composites: A review, Constr Build Mater 165 (2018) 346–362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.124.