PSI - Issue 68

Bhawesh Chhajed et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 708–714 Bhawesh Chhajed et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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2. NSB_250 exhibits severe deformation of bainitic ferrite which was evident from the heavy dislocation network around the bainitic laths. Micro-twins were observed at the interface of BF and RA. Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge DST/TDT/TDP-71/2022. References Abbasi, A., Dick, A., Hickel, T., Neugebauer, J., 2011. First-principles investigation of the effect of carbon on the stacking fault energy of Fe–C alloys. Acta Materialia 59, 3041–3048. ASTM E647 – 15, 2015. Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates 1 . Blinov, V.M., Glezer, A.M., Bannykh, I.O., Lukin, E.I., Blinova, E.N., Bannykh, O.A., Blinov, E. V., Chernogorova, O.P., Samoilova, M.A., Chernenok, D. V., 2022. Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen on the Stacking Fault Energy in Austenitic Steels. Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2022, 347–354. Caballero, F.G., Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H., 2004. Very strong bainite. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 8, 251–257. Chhajed, B., Mishra, K., Singh, K., Singh, A., 2022. Effect of prior austenite grain size on the tensile properties and fracture toughness of nano-structured bainite. Materials Characterization 192, 112214. Garcia-Mateo, C., Caballero, F.G., 2005. The Role of Retained Austenite on Tensile Properties of Steels with Bainitic Microstructures. Materials Transaction 46, 1839–1846. Garcia-Mateo, C., Jimenez, J.A., Lopez-Ezquerra, B., Rementeria, R., Morales-Rivas, L., Kuntz, M., Caballero, F.G., 2016. Analyzing the scale of the bainitic ferrite plates by XRD, SEM and TEM. Materials Characterization 122, 83–89. Jeong, W.C., Matlock, D.K., Krauss, G., 1993. Observation of deformation and transformation behavior of retained austenite in a 0.14C-1.2Si-1.5Mn steel with ferrite-bainite-austenite structure. Materials Science and Engineering: A 165, 1–8. Kumar, A., Blessto, B., Singh, A., 2022. Effect of austempering temperature on high cycle fatigue behaviour in nanostructured bainitic steels. Materials Science and Engineering: A 846, 143296. Kumar, A., Singh, A., 2021. Mechanical properties of nanostructured bainitic steels. Materialia (Oxf) 15, 101034. Kumar, A., Singh, A., 2020a. Deformation mechanisms in nanostructured bainitic steels under torsion. Materials Science and Engineering: A 770, 138528. Kumar, A., Singh, A., 2020b. The Role of Microstructure on Damage Tolerance in Nano-Bainitic Steels. Procedia Structural Integrity 28, 93–100. Kumar, A., Singh, A., 2019. Microstructural effects on the sub-critical fatigue crack growth in nano-bainite. Materials Science and Engineering: A 743, 464–471. Lee, T.-H., Ha, H.-Y., Hwang, B., Kim, S.-J., Shin, E., 2012. Effect of Carbon Fraction on Stacking Fault Energy of Austenitic Stainless Steels. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 43, 4455–4459. Liu, W., Liang, J., Jiang, Y., Zhang, B., Zhao, A., 2019. A study of blocky retained austenite and properties under variously heat-treated ultra-fine bainitic steel. Materials Research Express 6, 105607. Seol, J.-B., Jung, J.E., Jang, Y.W., Park, C.G., 2013. Influence of carbon content on the microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties in austenite/ε-martensite dual-phase Fe–Mn–C steels. Acta Materialia 61, 558–578. Shen, Y.F., Qiu, L.N., Sun, X., Zuo, L., Liaw, P.K., Raabe, D., 2015. Effects of retained austenite volume fraction, morphology, and carbon content on strength and ductility of nanostructured TRIP-assisted steels. Materials Science and Engineering A 636, 551–564. Singh, K., Singh, A., 2018. Tribological response and microstructural evolution of nanostructured bainitic steel under repeated frictional sliding. Wear 410–411, 63–71. Van Bohemen, S.M.C., 2018. Exploring the correlation between the austenite yield strength and the bainite lath thickness. Materials Science and Engineering: A 731, 119–123. Zhou, Q., Qian, L., Tan, J., Meng, J., Zhang, F., 2013. Inconsistent effects of mechanical stability of retained austenite on ductility and toughness of transformation-induced plasticity steels. Materials Science and Engineering: A 578, 370–376.