PSI - Issue 68

Bahman Paygozar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 1166–1172 Bahman Paygozar et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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Moreover, the load-displacement curves obtained from the experimental tensile tests of adhesively bonded single cell BCC lattice and those obtained in voxel-based numerical analyses conducted via the XFEM technique were compared together, as indicated in Fig. 6(a). It can be seen that the predicted failure load is slightly different from that experienced in the experiment. 4.2. Solid- and voxel-based numerical results The crack initiation and propagation in the BCC lattices are shown in Fig. 5(c, d). The field output PHILSM, the signed distance of a node from the crack surface, was used to show the crack propagation. It can be seen in Fig. 5(c) that the prediction of crack location is wrong in the solid model of the BCC lattice. However, as shown in Fig. 5(d), the location and direction of the crack propagation are similar to those experienced in the experiment. Hence, the voxel-based approach better predicts the crack location.

(a) (d) Fig. 5. Illustration of single-cell BCC lattice models used in numerical investigations: (a) the solid model and (b) the generated voxel model and the crack propagation in the single-cell BCC lattices: (c) Solid and (d) Voxel Models. Regarding the load-displacement responses, as shown in Fig. 6(b), the voxel-based approach, as approved previously through Figs. 4 and 6(a), better predicts the failure load and response of the lattice than the solid model. Additionally, due to the high computational cost, low accuracy, and problem in the convergence of the solution in the XFEM analyses of solid models, the use of voxel models in the XFEM analyses is approved. For example, it is worth noting that the numerical analyses of solid models generally failed due to convergence problems, as shown in Fig. 6(b). (b) (c)

(a) (b) Fig. 6. Comparison between (a) the numerical and experimental and (b) the solid and voxel-based load-displacement responses of single cell BCC lattice tensile tests.