PSI - Issue 68

Rita Dantas et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 901–907 Rita Dantas / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2024) 000–000

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alloys, the frequency e ff ect can be negligible due to the higher number of slip planes, which lead to a lower Peierls Nabarro stress and, consequently, to less resistance to plastic deformation, even at ultrasonic frequencies of loading. Additionally, it was also observed that the distance travelled by a dislocation reduces with the frequency of loading. For its turn, the level of e ff ect of frequency on the distance travelled depends on the crystallographic characteristics. As future work, the authors expect to explore di ff erent models to handle the frequency e ff ect as well as to apply them to experimental fatigue data obtained at di ff erent frequencies of testing.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge to the projects: Giga-Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Engineering Metallic Alloys (PTDC / EME-EME / 7678 / 2020) and AARM 4.0 - Ac¸os de Alta Resisteˆncia na Metalomecaˆnica 4.0 (POCI 01-0247-FEDER068492); to the programmatic funding - UIDP / 04708 / 2020 of the CONSTRUCT - Instituto de I&D em Estruturas e Construc¸o˜es - funded by national funds through the FCT / MCTES (PIDDAC); and to the Agenda “NEXUS: Innovation Pact Digital and Green Transition – Transports, Logistics and Mobility”, nr. C645112083 - 00000059, investment project nr. 53, financed by the Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR) and by European Union - NextGeneration EU. This work is also funded by the doctoral programme iRail- Innovation in Railway Systems and Technologies through the PhD grant PD / BD / 143141 / 2019 and is co-financed by the Social European Fund and by FCT under MIT Portugal through the PhD grant SFRH / BD / 151377 / 2021. Brugger, C., T. Palin-Luc, P. Osmond, and M. Blanc, 2017. A new ultrasonic fatigue testing device for biaxial bending in the gigacycle regime. International Journal of Fatigue 100, 619–626. Callister, W. D. J. and D. G. Rethwisch, 2018. Materials science and engineering: An introduction (10th Edition), Volume 14. Wiley. Furuya, Y., H. Hirukawa, and E. Takeuchi, 2019. Gigacycle fatigue in high strength steels. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 20 (1), 643–656. Furuya, Y., S. Matsuoka, T. Abe, and K. Yamaguchi, 2002. Gigacycle fatigue properties for high-strength low-alloy steel at 100 Hz, 600 Hz, and 20 kHz. Scripta Materialia 46 (2), 157–162. Ghadimi, H., A. P. Jirandehi, S. Nemati, and S. Guo, 2021. Small-sized specimen design with the provision for high-frequency bending-fatigue testing. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 44 (12), 3517–3537. Guennec, B., Ueno, A., Sakai, T., Takanashi, M., & Itabashi, Y., 2014. E ff ect of the loading frequency on fatigue properties of JIS S15C low carbon steel and some discussions based on micro-plasticity behavior. International Journal of Fatigue, 66, 29–38. https: // doi.org / 10.1016 / j.ijfatigue.2014.03.005 Hertzberg, R. W., 1996. Deformation and fracture mechanics of engineering materials (Fourth Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hong, Y., Hu, Y., & Zhao, A., 2023. E ff ects of loading frequency on fatigue behavior of metallic materials—A literature review. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, March, 1–22. https: // doi.org / 10.1111 /ff e.14055 Hu, Y., C. Sun, J. Xie, and Y. Hong, 2018. E ff ects of loading frequency and loading type on high-cycle and very-high-cycle fatigue of a high-strength steel. Materials 11 (8). Johnston, W. G. and J. J. Gilman, 1960. Dislocation multiplication in lithium fluoride crystals. Journal of Applied Physics 31 (4), 632–643. Kamimura, Y., K. Edagawa, and S. Takeuchi, 2013. Experimental evaluation of the Peierls stresses in a variety of crystals and their relation to the crystal structure. Acta Materialia 61 (1), 294–309. Krupp, U. and A. Giertler, 2022. Surface or Internal Fatigue Crack Initiation during VHCF of Tempered Martensitic and Bainitic Steels: Mi crostructure and Frequency / Strain Rate Dependency. Metals 12 (11). Mayer, H., 2016. ‘Recent developments in ultrasonic fatigue’. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 3–29, 2016, doi: 10.1111 /ff e.12365. Morrissey, R. J., D. L. McDowell, and T. Nicholas (1999). Frequency and stress ratio e ff ects in high cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V. International Journal of Fatigue 21 (7), 679–685. Stein, D. F. and J. R. Low, 1960. Mobility of edge dislocations in silicon-iron crystals. Journal of Applied Physics 31 (2), 362–369. Zhao, A., J. Xie, C. Sun, Z. Lei, and Y. Hong, 2012. E ff ects of strength level and loading frequency on very-high-cycle fatigue behavior for a bearing steel. International Journal of Fatigue 38, 46–56. Zhu, M.-L., Liu, L.-L., & Xuan, F.-Z., 2015. E ff ect of frequency on very high cycle fatigue behavior of a low strength Cr–Ni–Mo–V steel welded joint. International Journal of Fatigue, August, Vol.77, pp.166-173,ISSN 0142-1123, https: // doi.org / 10.1016 / j.ijfatigue.2015.03.027. Zimmermann, M., 2019. Very High Cycle Fatigue. In S. Schmauder, C. S. D. Chen, K. K. Chawla, N. Chawla, W. Chen, Y. Kagawa, and C.-H. Hsueh (Eds.), Handbook of Mechanics of Materials , pp. 1879–1916. References