PSI - Issue 68

6

Büşra Eyri et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 332 – 338 B. Eyri et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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Figure 4. Laser sensor displacement responses of the samples.

Table 5. The quantity of energy absorbed by the samples. ABS

PLA

Overexpanded (OX) Diamond (D) Re-entrant (R)

0.24 J 0.10 J 0.51 J

0.55 J 0.32 J 0.53 J

The integral of the aforementioned curves was calculated for the boundary displacement conditions by fitting a third-degree polynomial curve to the force and displacement graphs obtained from the three-point bending test. The values demonstrate the energy absorb capacity of the samples, expressed in Nmm (Figure 4). Also as indicated in Table 5, the highest level of energy absorption was observed in samples produced from ABS material and comprising a re-entrant cell structure. It was observed that the diamond-type cell, which exhibited the highest bending modulus and natural frequency values, absorbed 0.10 Joule of energy and therefore demonstrated the least toughness. However, the highest energy was observed in the overexpanded cell structure in the samples produced from PLA material, with a value of 0.55 Joule. When the bending strength, modulus value, and energy absorption ability are considered, it can be stated that the most efficient result in PLA material was obtained in this cell. The study demonstrated the manner in which the selected cell type exerts influence over the overall structure. It was determined that PLA material is a preferable option due to its recyclability, strength, and energy absorption capacity. The potential of 3D printers to produce unconventional structures has been evaluated, leading to the formulation of predictions regarding their future capabilities. References Günaydın, Kadir, Craig Rea, and Zafer Kazancı. 2022. “Energy Absorption Enhancement of Additively Manufactured Hexagonal and Re-Entrant (Auxetic) Lattice Structures by Using Multi-Material Reinforcements.” Additive Manufacturing 59(PA):103076. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103076. Hou, Shaoyu, Tiantian Li, Zian Jia, and Lifeng Wang. 2018. “Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Composites with 3d-Printed Auxetic and Non Auxetic Lattice Cores under Low Velocity Impact.” Materials and Design 160:1305–21. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.002. Johnston, Ross, and Zafer Kazancı. 2021. “Analysis of Additively Manufactured (3D Printed) Dual-Material Auxetic Structures under Compression.” Additive Manufacturing 38(December 2020):101783. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101783. Lee, Byung Chul, Ki Won Lee, Joon Hyung Byun, and Ki Ju Kang. 2012. “The Compressive Response of New Composite Truss Cores.” Composites Part B: Engineering 43(2):317–24. doi: 10.1016/J.COMPOSITESB.2011.08.048.