PSI - Issue 68

6

B. Li et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

Boyu Li et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 59–65

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circular and diamond capillaries have an equal cross-section area, the real-time flow dynamics influence the air pressure and dynamic pressure. Consequently, the air pressure and dynamic pressure in the diamond capillary are higher due to flow extending further and faster along the axis in the diamond capillary compared to the circular one (Fig. 7c and d). The initial levels of air pressure in each capillary are only proportional to the cross-section area, without accounting for the advancing capillary flow (Fig. 7c). The dynamic pressure sharply decreases for all the geometries within the first 0.01 s, corresponding to the rapid increase in the flow length as observed in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6. Capillary flow length for different capillary shapes.

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Fig. 7. Force distribution for different capillary shapes: (a) capillary force; (b) water pressure; (c) air pressure; (d) dynamic pressure.