PSI - Issue 68

Nedeljko Vukojević et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 379– 385 N. Vukojević et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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Fig. 5. Diagram 'Multiline plot': (a) R eH x t parameter; (b) D x t parameter relationship.

5. CONCLUSIONS By using the experiment design, results were obtained that have practical significance for improving the technology of incremental plastic deformation and post welding heat treatment of welded pressure vessel heads. According to the conducted statistical patterns, the diameters of the vessel heads can be excluded in further analyzes as a parameter that has no significant influence on the size of the total impact energy in the welded vessel head, while the influence of the thickness of the sheet metal and the quality of the material is very significant. Another important parameter is the post welding heat teratment, which should be given special attention because it is the cause of the bad behavior of the entire structure and it is possible to avoid unnecessary heat treatment without jeopardizing the strength of the vessel head. References Montgomery, D. C., 2013. Design and Analysis of Experiments , Arizona State University, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jurković, M., 1999. Matematičko modeliranje inženjerskih procesa i sistema , Mašinski fakultet, Bihać. Demeler, B. 2024. Methods for the design and analysis of analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. Current Protocols , 4, e974., doi: 10.1002/cpz1.974 Piepho, H. P., Edmondson, R. N., 2018. A tutorial on the statistical analysis of factorial experiments with qualitative and quantitative treatment factor levels, Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 204:429–455., DOI: 10.1111/jac.12267 Iseki, H., Kumon, H., 1994. Forming limit of incremental sheet metal stretch forming using spherical rollers , Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 35, pp. 1336-1341. Trzepieciński, T., Najm, S.M., Oleksik, V., Vasilca, D., Paniti, I., Szpunar, M., 2022. Recent Developments and Future Challenges in Incremental Sheet Forming of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Sheets. Metals , 12, 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010124 Singh, R.P., Kumar, S., Singh, P.K., Meraz, M., Srivastwa, A.K., Salunkhe, S., Hussein, H.M.A., Nasr, E.S.A., Kamrani, A., 2023. A Mathematical Model for Force Prediction in Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming with Validation by Experiments and Simulation. Processes, 11 , 1688. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061688 Xuelei Z., Hengan O., 2024. A new hybrid stretch forming and double-layer two-point incremental sheet forming process, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 30, 3485–3509 Wang, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, H., Gu, Y., Ye, Y., 2022. A Novel Algorithm for Thickness Prediction in Incremental Sheet Metal Forming, Materials , 15, 1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031201 Vukojević, D., Vukojević, N., Lemeš, S., Ištvanić, Z., 2007. Analysis of Tool Radius on Vessel Head Quality Made by Incremental Plastic Deformation , 11 th International Research/Expert Conference Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated Technology TMT 2007. Conference Proceedings, pp. 87-90. Vukojević, D., Vukojević, N., Hadžikadunić, F., Ištvanić, Z., 2007. Some Aspects of Spherical Vessel Head Quality made by Incremental Deformation Treatment , 5 th Research/Expert Conference QUALITY 2007. Conference Proceedings, pp. 299-304. Ištvanić, Z., 2022. Contribution to the Assessment of Integrity Of Cylindrical Dish Ends Made By The Incremental Sheet Metal Forming , Dissertation Thesis. University of Zenica. B&H. Alhassan, M., Bashiru, Y., 2021. Carbon Equivalent Fundamentals in Evaluating the Weldability of Microalloy and Low Alloy Steels , World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 9, pp. 782-792. EN ISO 4063:2009. Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers (ISO 4063:2009, Corrected version 2010 03-01; EN ISO 4063:2010). EN14171:2002. Welding consumables - Wire electrodes and wire-flux combinations for submerged arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels . ISO 148-1: 2017. Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method . EN ISO 9016: 2012. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Impact tests — Test specimen location, notch orientation and examination.

ASTM E 399: 2022. Test Method for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials. ASTM E 1820: 2018. Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness .