PSI - Issue 68

P. Langourani-Kosteletou et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 112–118 P. Langourani-Kosteletou et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

116

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The statistical data for the two groups for stiffness, proportionality limit, yield force, and yield displacement are recapitulated in Table 2. A graphical representation of the mean values of the data is depicted in Fig. 4.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics for mechanical properties by group. N: Sample Size, SD: Standard Devi ation, SEM: Standard Error Mean

Variable

Group

N

Mean

SD

SEM

A B A B A B A B

7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8

461.86 N/mm 716.57 N/mm

93.11 74.39 71.80 43.75 74.83 43.34

35.19 28.12 25.39 15.47 26.46 15.32

Stiffness

341.25 N 525.00 N 390.00 N 597.50N 0.99 mm 1.14 mm

Proportionality Limit

Yield Force

0.17 0.06

0.06 0.02

Yield Displacement

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Fig. 4. Comparative bar charts of the means of Stiffness, Proportionality Limit, Yield Force, and Yield Displacement for Groups A and B, accompanied by error bars to illustrate data variability.

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Software IBM SPSS Statistics Version 29.0 was utilized for the statistical analyses to detect significant differences between the two groups tested, Group A and Group B, regarding stiffness, proportionality limit, yield force, and yield displacement. Through independent two-sample t-tests, it was observed that there were statistically significant differ ences between the two groups in stiffness, proportionality limit , and yield force , with Group A demonstrating con sistently lower mean values when compared to Group B . The p-values for these tests were all below the significance level of 0.05, confirming the statistical significance of these differences. In contrast, the yield displacement showed closer mean values between the two groups (Group A: 1.00 mm, Group B: 1.11 mm). No statistically significant difference between the two groups was determined for yield displacement, as the p-values (0.115 when equal variances were assumed and 0.124 when equal variances were not assumed) were above the significance level of 0.05.