PSI - Issue 67

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2024) 000 – 000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2024) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 67 (2025) 80–89

International Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction Materials NICOM8 Nanozeolite Synthesis and Application in a Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer I. Flores-Vivián a *, M. López-Morales a,b , K. Sobolev b , L. Vergara-Álvarez a , G. J. Fajardo-San Miguel a , B. T. Terán Torres a , R. Hermosillo-Mendoza a , G. Ortiz-Rabell a , D. Luiza Da Silva a , S. Castro-Angulo a a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, (FIC-UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México b Department of Civil Engineering, CEAS, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer ST, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. Abstract Alkali-activated cementitious cement such as geopolymers represent an alternative that allows to reduce the carbon footprint in the construction industry due to the CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere that occur during the manufacture of portland cement (CP). During the synthesis of geopolymers, zeolites (mainly faujasite) are formed, which contribute to the improvement of strength and durability. In this work, faujasite type NaY was synthesized from Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), soluble Sodium Silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) and Sodium Aluminate (NaAlO 2 ). The nanozeolite was added to a metakaolin-based geopolymer, activated with an alkaline solution composed of NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 . The geopolymer was prepared by varying the molarity of the NaOH in the alkaline activating solution (AAS). Two types of zeolites were used: natural clinoptilolite-type faujasite and synthesized NaY-type faujasite. The hydration process was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According the results, increasing the molarity of the NaOH of the alkaline activator (AA) promotes the dissolution of bonds, favoring the formation of aluminum-rich species and a higher degree of polymerization. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of NICOM8 Chairpersons Keywords: Alkali-activated cementitious cement; geopolymer; metakaolin; nanozeolite; microstructure. International Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction Materials NICOM8 Nanozeolite Synthesis and Application in a Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer I. Flores-Vivián a *, M. López-Morales a,b , K. Sobolev b , L. Vergara-Álvarez a , G. J. Fajardo-San Miguel a , B. T. Terán Torres a , R. Hermosillo-Mendoza a , G. Ortiz-Rabell a , D. Luiza Da Silva a , S. Castro-Angulo a a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, (FIC-UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México b Department of Civil Engineering, CEAS, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer ST, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. Abstract Alkali-activated cementitious cement such as geopolymers represent an alternative that allows to reduce the carbon footprint in the construction industry due to the CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere that occur during the manufacture of portland cement (CP). During the synthesis of geopolymers, zeolites (mainly faujasite) are formed, which contribute to the improvement of strength and durability. In this work, faujasite type NaY was synthesized from Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), soluble Sodium Silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) and Sodium Aluminate (NaAlO 2 ). The nanozeolite was added to a metakaolin-based geopolymer, activated with an alkaline solution composed of NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 . The geopolymer was prepared by varying the molarity of the NaOH in the alkaline activating solution (AAS). Two types of zeolites were used: natural clinoptilolite-type faujasite and synthesized NaY-type faujasite. The hydration process was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According the results, increasing the molarity of the NaOH of the alkaline activator (AA) promotes the dissolution of bonds, favoring the formation of aluminum-rich species and a higher degree of polymerization. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of NICOM8 Chairpersons Keywords: Alkali-activated cementitious cement; geopolymer; metakaolin; nanozeolite; microstructure. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of NICOM8 Chairpersons

Nomenclature CP Nomenclature CP Portland Cement Portland Cement NaOH Sodium Hydroxide Na 2 SiO 3 Sodium Silicate NaOH Sodium Hydroxide Na 2 SiO 3 Sodium Silicate

XRF XRD XRF XRD MK

X-ray Fluorescence X-ray Diffraction X-ray Fluorescence X-ray Diffraction Metakaolin

MK

Metakaolin

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 1 81 8362 7063. E-mail address: ismael.floresvvn@uanl.edu.mx * Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 1 81 8362 7063. E-mail address: ismael.floresvvn@uanl.edu.mx

2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of NICOM8 Chairpersons 2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of NICOM8 Chairpersons

2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of NICOM8 Chairpersons 10.1016/j.prostr.2025.06.010