PSI - Issue 67

G. Goracci et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 67 (2025) 30–38 G. Goracci/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2024) 000 – 000

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carbonated samples. A scattering angle (2θ) range from 5 to 90° was covered with a scan rate of 0.05°, and the average measuring time was 50 seconds per point.

Figure 3: X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Patterns of Carbonated Samples. P - Portlandite, C - Calcite, E - Ettringite, A - Aragonite

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Figure 4: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Curves and Derivative Weight Loss of Carbonated Samples. The blue area marks the region of bulk water evaporation, the yellow area shows the dehydroxylation of Portlandite, and the green area denotes the decomposition of Calcite.

The solar reflectance index (SRI) of the specimens was determined by measuring the solar reflectivity from ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared (MIR) using a portable spectrophotometer (410-SOLAR) and an integrated sphere mounted on an FTIR (PIKE). Three measurements were performed on each sample, and the average value was reported.