Issue 67

H. Mostafa et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 67 (2024) 240-258; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.67.18

[25] Mahmoud, A.M. (2015). Finite element implementation of punching shear behaviors in shear-reinforced flat slabs. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 6(3), pp. 735-754. DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2014.12.015. [26] Martinez, S., Nilson, A. H. and Slate, F. (1984). Spirally reinforced high-strength concrete columns. ACI Structural Journal, (81) 5, pp. 431-442. DOI: 10.14359/10693.

N OMENCLATURE

P cr N cr

: Experimental first crack load; : Numerical first crack load; : Experimental failure load; : Numerical ultimate load;

P f

N u

 f exp : Experimental deflection at mid-span at failure load;  u num : Numerical deflection at mid-span at ultimate load;  cf : Concrete compressive strain at failure load;  sf : Bottom reinforcement steel strain at failure load;  gf : GFRP gratings strain at failure load; T

: Toughness, which is the ability to adsorb deformations up to failure and equals the area under the load-deflection curve up to failure;

f c `

: Average concrete cylinder compressive strength; and

f y

: Reinforcement yield strength.

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