Issue 66

A. J. Abdulridha, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 66 (2023) 273-296; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.66.17

E FFECT OF ECCENTRIC X - BRACING ON THE STORY DRIFT

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ables and figures in story lateral drift format may be used to study the impact of bracings. Different eccentric bracing patterns are added to the basic frame structure, improving lateral displacements at each story level and significantly increasing the displacement at the top story level. The chart shows that the lateral drift of 6-story multi-story buildings with an X-brace section of W6x16 at the corner increased by 16.7%, 66.7%, and 83.3% when eccentric bracing was added to the frame. Furthermore, for 6-story multi-story buildings with an X-brace section of W6x16 in the side position, an increased eccentrically braced frame increased lateral drift by 33.3%, 66.7%, and 83.3%. For 9-story multi-story buildings with an X-brace section of W6x16 at the corner position, the maximum lateral drift was increased by 7.7%, 38.5% and 46.2%, respectively, when the eccentricity of the frame was raised from 0 to 1500mm. For 9 story multi-story buildings with an X-brace section of W6x16 at the side position, the maximum lateral drift was increased by 16.7, 50 and 50 %, respectively, for increases in eccentrically braced frames from 0 to 1500mm. The maximum lateral drift for 12-story multi-story buildings with a W6x16 X-brace section at the corner increased by 13.3%, 6.7%, and 5% when the eccentric bracing of the frame was increased. Also, for multi-story buildings with 12 stories and an X-brace section of W6x16 in the side position, the lateral drift increased by 7.2%, 14.3%, and 7.2% as the eccentricity of the bracing increased. Based on the data, eccentric X-braces are better suited for six-story buildings than nine- or twelve-story buildings to avoid story drift. When designing a building with six stories, increasing the eccentricity of the X-brace reduces the lateral stiffness of the structure, causing a more significant lateral displacement on each floor. Buildings with nine and twelve stories have improved the basic frame structure's lateral stiffness, reducing story displacements and, consequently, deviations at each level. The previous figures show that eccentric X-braces are stiffer than concentrically supported edges. So, displacement, drift, relatively increased, and base shear will all be magnified in a system with eccentric bracing. Lateral height drift is more pronounced between eccentric X-brace and other lower-level supports. As a result of their low horizontal rigidity, eccentric X-braces can provide more structural variation than concentrically supported edges. Due to a reduction in the earthquake's effect with altitude, inter-story drift is reduced. Compared to eccentric X-braces, the lateral stiffness of edges braced using concentric X-braces is the greatest.

E FFECT OF ECCENTRICITY OF X- BRACE ON THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOR

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ne can examine its maximal base shear to demonstrate how much force an earthquake may exert on a structure's foundation. Tab. 6 displays the maximum allowable lateral displacement, drift, and base shear for the X-braced control steel structure models. Figs. 13 through 15 depict the compression of the maximal base shear generated at the foundation of each steel building model subjected to applied seismic pressures. Figs. 16–18 show how the base shear changes over time for 6-story, 9-story, and 12-story buildings with W6x16 X-brace sections in the corners. Figs. 19–21 show how the time hysteresis of base shear changes for buildings with six, nine, or twelve stories and a W6x16 eccentric X-brace in the side position.

X-brace position (Corner)

X-brace position (Side)

Base shear Vmax (kN) 11354.5 11197.2 8451.4 7042.7 10805.8 9601.1 6910.3 4751.2 7586.2 7571.1 5346.9 4152.9

Maximum Brace force (kN)

Base shear Vmax (kN) 9918.9 11146.2 8321.9 6962.9 10705.3 9799.0 6738.1 4832.8 7185.0 7311.1 5264.5 4260.3

Maximum Brace force (kN)

No. of Story

Δ u max (mm) 171.5 197.2 316.9 375.8 397.5 406.3 482.1 432.9 484.7 467.1 406.9 388.0

Δ u max (mm) 158.9 196.7 309.1 367.4 391.0 401.6 491.6 435.4 474.0 464.4 409.1 389.2

Eccentricity (mm)

Building ID

Drift max (mm/mm)

Eccentricity (mm)

Building ID

Drift max (mm/mm)

0

0

1657.8 2137.9 2411.9 2783.1 1596.2 1887.6 2276.6 2388.4 1467.4 1828.7 1731.3 1736.4

1401.8 2043.9 2286.7 2674.1 1530.9 1825.0 1916.7 1916.8 1052.8 1460.8 1642.3 1716.3

SC6-B16-1

SS6-B16-1

0.0157 0.0168 0.0231 0.0276 0.0211 0.0203 0.0227 0.0249 0.0201 0.0204 0.0188 0.0206

0.0151 0.0166 0.0216 0.0269 0.0210 0.0207 0.0233 0.0255 0.0197 0.0196 0.0187 0.0203

500

500

SC6-B16-2

SS6-B16-2

6

1000 1500

1000 1500

SC6-B16-3

SS6-B16-3

SC6-B16-4

SS6-B16-4

0

0

SC9-B16-1

SS9-B16-1

500

500

SC9-B16-2

SS9-B16-2

9

1000 1500

1000 1500

SC9-B16-3

SS9-B16-3

SC9-B16-4

SS9-B16-4

0

0

SC12-B16-1

SS12-B16-1

500

500

SC12-B16-2

SS12-B16-2

12

1000 1500

1000 1500

SC12-B16-3

SS12-B16-3

SC12-B16-4

SS12-B16-4

Table 6: Numerical results of the 6, 9 and 12-story buildings with X-brace with section of W6x16.

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