Issue 66

S.E. Daguiani et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 66 (2023) 88-111; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.66.05

Sample preparation This study focuses on (PC, WGP, and GGBS) based binary and ternary types of cement. Fifteen mixtures were prepared using the experimental design method. The ternary diagram in Fig. 6 and Tab. 2 illustrates the different proportions of these studied ternary mixtures. Additions were added by substitution, varying from 0 to 30 %. Cement pastes and mortars containing CEM I 42.5 R were used as a control mixture (100 %).

Mix proportions of mortars for the S.A.I test PC (kg/m 3 ) WGP (kg/m 3 ) GGBS (kg/m 3 )

Mixture N°

PC

WGP

GGBS

1

1

0

0

450

0

0

2

0.75

0.25

0

427,5

22,5

0

3

0.5

0.5

0

405

45

0

4

0.25

0.75

0

382,5

67,5

0

5

0

1

0

360

90

0

6

0.75

0

0.25

427,5

0

22,5

7

0.5

0.25

0.25

405

22,5

22,5

8

0.25

0.5

0.25

382,5

45

22,5

9

0

0.75

0.25

360

67,5

22,5

10

0.5

0

0.5

405

0

45

11

0.25

0.25

0.5

382,5

22,5

45

12

0

0.5

0.5

360

45

45

13

0.25

0

0.75

382,5

0

67,5

14

0

0.25

0.75

360

22,5

67,5

15

0

0

1

360

0

90

Sand/Binder ratio = 3 Water/Binder ratio = 0.5

Table 2: Factor values and different studied mixtures.

Experimental mMethod Several tests have been done to evaluate the fresh characteristics of cement paste mixed with chosen by-products. The control mixture without Scms was compared to the test results. The experimental methods used in this study include consistency, initial and final setting times, and soundness. Experiments were performed in the laboratory using freshly mixed pastes at 20 ± 02 °C and a minimum relative humidity of 50 %. The strength-activity index (SAI) was also investigated. Consistency test of cement sample The consistency of the paste is obtained by varying the proportion of water added until it reaches a satisfactory resistance to penetration. The Consistency experiment has been assessed according to European standard EN 196-3. Initially, We determined the mass of cement paste, and then a series of experiments were performed with various (W/C) ratios. Consistency was measured when the plunger of the Vicat apparatus penetrated the paste. It must give a sinking of (6 ± 3) mm over the base of the Vicat mould. The mass of water that was used to achieve the optimal ratio was noted with an M L .

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