Issue 65

S. M. J. Tabatabee et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 65 (2023) 208-223; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.65.14

With this result, generalized elastic moduli will have the following form [28]:

1 2

   

   

  

  

n

1

1

   12

 

 

(19)

E

n

(2

I

1

21 12

E E

n

2

2

x y

6

1 2

   

   

  

  

n

1

1

   12

 

 

(20)

E

n

(2

II

1

21 12

2

n

2

E

2

6

x

Several studies have been made to calculate the effect of the pores and micro-cracks on the material’s overall properties. The porous materials are load-induced anisotropic, i.e., mechanical properties depend on the load pass. However, if all the pores are all open and have a random distribution, they can assume as isotropic [4]. Budiansky and O'Connell have obtained the effective elastic moduli of a body containing open micro-crack. For a solid containing uncorrelated pores, we have [8]:

3

15 N a

2

E E

  1

 3 ( ) 2 ( , ) f g   

(21)

 

 

3

 ( )

 3(1 2 ) N a f 

2

K K

  1

(22)

                3 1 1 1 0 3 G G E G K G E E K K  

(23)

where , , , E K G v are effective elastic modulus bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio respectively,    f and    , g represent the shape coefficient that defined based on pores geometry, N is the number of pores per unit volume and the symbol . calculates the mean value. For narrow elliptical pores, these shape coefficients are defined as follows [8]:

                  2 2 4 1 3 ( ) b a E k 

 ( )

f

(24)

2

      b a

4

 

 

2

  2

2

(25)

  ( , )

g

R k

Q k v

1

( , )cos

( , )sin

3

  2 2 1/2 (1 / ) k b a

(26)

where a and b are major and minor axes of the considered ellipse. Q and R are complete elliptic integrals of the first kind with argument k. effective elastic modules for material extracted as follow [8]:

E E G G

       16 1 (1 )(5 4 ) 45

(27)

 8 1 (10 7 ) 45

 

 

(28)

where  is micro-crack density parameter and calculate as follows [8]:

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