Issue 65

A. Hartawan Mettanadi et al., Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 65 (2023) 135-159; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.65.10

wall, the greater the angle received, the greater the slip that will occur. This caused a decrease in the energy absorption by the specimen.

Figure 22: Deformation progress for each specimen during oblique compression.

100

10 11 12

92.38

PCF MCF

Total Energy Absorbed

88.43

79.09

80

77.13

9.18

71.24

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

7.74

60

50.72

43.92

40

Force (kN)

3.62

23.93

Energy Absorbed (kJ)

20

1.26

0

0

10

20

30

0

10

20

30

Angle of Compression (Degree)

Angle of Compression (Degree)

(a) (b) Figure 23: (a) Results of the PCF and MCF; and (b) Total energy absorption graph for each angle of compression. Summarized results in Fig. 23 show that the largest Peak Crushing Force (PCF) was at an angle of 0°, and it decreased as the pressure angle increased pressure angle. For Total Energy absorption, the 0° angle effectively absorbed the force with a value of 9.18 kJ. For the 10° angle, it still had sufficient ability to absorb 7.74 kJ of energy or 84.31% from the axial angle.

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