Issue 65

A. Hartawan Mettanadi et al., Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 65 (2023) 135-159; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.65.10

(c) Strain contour of Cyl-1 at 8 ms.

(e) Lobes formed after test (front view): 8 lobes.

(f) Vertical view of the experimented BBT-1 and numerical results of Cyl-1. Figure 10: Numerical results and comparisons: (a) Force result compared with benchmark’s result; (b) displacement contours of BBT-1 compared to Cyl-1; (c) stress contour at time step 8 ms; and (d) strain contour at time step 8 ms; and (e) Comparison of lobes formed after test. BBT-1 (left) and Cyl-1 (right) (f) Vertical view of the experimented BBT-1 (left) and numerical result of Cyl-1 (right). Mesh convergence study To determine the appropriate number and size of mesh for further studies, a convergence mesh study is required. The simulation results are not only influenced by the geometry and material properties but also by the shape and size of the mesh. If the curve is made with the horizontal axis as the number of elements and the vertical axis as the simulation results, a logarithmic curve will usually be formed. The logarithmic curve determines the number of elements and mesh size that

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