PSI - Issue 61

Artem Pepeliaev et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 61 (2024) 224–231 Artem Pepeliaev / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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4. Discussion

The obtained experimental results were normalized by the values obtained for the corresponding pure polymeric materials printed using a 0.4 mm nozzle (Fig. 4). Such standardization allows more accurate assessment of the contribution of the above discussed printing parameters.

Tensile modulus Tensile strength Resilience

PA12_04_0

Tensile modulus Tensile strength Resilience

ABS_04_0

-0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0

ABS+GF_08_90

ABS_04_90

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0

PA12_04_90

PA12+CF_08_90

ABS+GF_08_0

ABS_08_0

PA12_08_0

PA12+CF_08_0

ABS+GF_04_90

ABS_08_90

ABS+GF_04_0

ABS+CF_04_0

PA12_08_90

PA12+CF_04_90

ABS+CF_08_90

ABS+CF_04_90

ABS+CF_08_0

PA12+CF_04_0

(a)

(b)

Tensile modulus Tensile strength Resilience

PET-G_04_0

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,4

PET-G+GF_08_90

PET-G_04_90

PET-G+GF_08_0

PET-G_08_0

PET-G+GF_04_90

PET-G_08_90

PET-G+GF_04_0

(c) Fig. 4 Diagram of mechanical characteristics for (a) ABS, (b) PA 12 and (c) PET – G

For the ABS-based materials, the ABS+CF_04_0 samples had the highest tensile strength, the ABS+CF_08_0 – highest normal elastic modulus, the ABS+GF_08_0 – highest resilience (Fig. 4a). The PA12+CF_04_0 samples stood out in terms of elasticity modulus and tensile strength, but the largest resilience was obtained for the PA 12_08_0 samples (Fig. 4b). For PET-G, the largest the value of the tensile strength and elasticity modulus was found for the PET-G+GF_08_0 samples, the largest resilience – for the PET-G_08_0. The study confirms that the choice of nozzle diameter influences key material properties. It was observed that samples manufactured using a nozzle of a 0.4 mm diameter showed a general tendency towards a decrease in tensile strength compared to samples printed with a 0.8 mm nozzle. However, the PA12 material, despite the use of a thinner nozzle, had higher ultimate strength and withstands significant plastic deformations in comparison with ABS and PET-G materials. In terms of tensile strength and elasticity modulus, PA12_04_0 is inferior to ABS_04_0 and PET G_04_0. In terms of resilience, PA12_04_0 significantly exceeds ABS_04_0 and PET-G_04_0 (by 25.1 and 33.34 times, respectively). Carbon-fiber reinforced PA12 exceeds tensile strength of pure PA12 by 1.85 times, it is also 3.51 times more rigid. It can be concluded that the filler in the form of CF contributes to a significant increase in the mechanical characteristics of the original pure material due to the loss of plastic properties. This fact is reflected in Fig. 4b.