Issue 61

R. Elsadany et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 61 (2022) 294-307; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.61.20

about 19%, 11%, and 11% for beams without RCA and 14%, 21%, and 15% for beams with RCA, considering reinforcements ratios (0.011, 0.022, and 0.033), respectively.  The use of RCA increases the deflection of RC beams compared to RC beams without RCA due to the lower modulus of elasticity of GFRP.  The ultimate loads of GFRP RC beams are more affected by the compressive strength of concrete than steel RC beams due to the lower modulus of elasticity of GFRP. This is a limitation on the use of either GFRP bars or RCA.  Based on the strength, durability, and sustainability points of view, the economic benefit is considered another limitation of using either GFRP or RCA. Therefore, additional research should be conducted to cover the durability and sustainability of such materials. [1] Rao, A., Jha, K. N., and Misra, S. (2007). Use of aggregates from recycled construction and demolition waste in concrete. Resources, conservation and Recycling, 50(1), pp. 71-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.05.010. [2] Sormunen, P., and Kärki, T. (2019). Recycled construction and demolition waste as a possible source of materials for composite manufacturing. Journal of building engineering, 24, 100742. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100742. [3] da Rosa Azambuja, R., de Castro, V. G., Trianoski, R., and Iwakiri, S. (2018). Utilization of construction and demolition waste for particleboard production. Journal of Building Engineering, 20, pp. 488-492. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2018.07.019. [4] Salgado, F.d-A., and Silva, F.d-A. (2022). Recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste towards an application on structural concrete: A review. Journal of Building Engineering, In Press, 104452. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104452 [5] De Brito, J., Ferreira, J., Pacheco, J., Soares, D., and Guerreiro, M. (2016). Structural, material, mechanical and durability properties and behavior of recycled aggregates concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 6, pp. 1-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2016.02.003. [6] Leite, M. B., and Santana, V. M. (2019). Evaluation of an experimental mix proportion study and production of concrete using fine recycled aggregate. Journal of Building Engineering, 21, pp. 243-253. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2018.10.016. [7] Sainz-Aja, J., Carrascal, I., Polanco, J. A., and Thomas, C. (2020). Fatigue failure micromechanisms in recycled aggregate mortar by μ CT analysis. Journal of Building Engineering, 28, 101027. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101027 [8] McNeil, K., and Kang, T. H. K. (2013). Recycled concrete aggregates: A review. International journal of concrete structures and materials, 7(1), pp. 61-69. [9] Djerbi, A. (2018). Effect of recycled coarse aggregate on the new interfacial transition zone concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 190, pp. 1023-1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.180. [10] Prince, M. J. R., and Singh, B. (2015). Bond behaviour of normal ‐ and high ‐ strength recycled aggregate concrete. Structural Concrete, 16(1), pp. 56-70. DOI: 10.1002/suco.201300101. [11] Malešev, M., Radonjanin, V., and Marinkovi ć , S. (2010). Recycled concrete as aggregate for structural concrete production. Sustainability, 2(5), pp. 1204-1225. DOI: 10.3390/su2051204. [12] Makhlouf, H. M., Ahmadi, B. H., and Al Jabal, J. (1991). Preventing Concrete Deterioration in the Arabian Gulf. Concrete International, 13(5), pp. 65-67. [13] Federation International du Beton, FIB, Task Group 9.3, FRP reinforcement in RC structures, Lausanne, Switzerland, (2007). [14] Pilakoutas, K., Neocleous, K., and Guadagnini, M. (2002). Design philosophy issues of fiber reinforced polymer reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Composites for Construction, 6(3), pp. 154-161. [15] Mufti, A. A., and ISIS Canada. (2001). Reinforcing Concrete Structures with Fibre Reinforced Polymers [computer File]. ISIS Canada. [16] ACI Committee. (2008). Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-08) and commentary. American Concrete Institute. [17] ACI Committee. (2006). Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI R EFERENCES

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