Issue 60

B. Szabó et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 60 (2022) 213-228; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.60.15

in the order of magnitude. On the other hand, ceramic powder has about twice as high flexural Young’s modulus value as polyester-crushed stone, and has a slightly higher flexural Young’s modulus value than basalt and andesite.

Compressive Young’s modulus [MPa]

Compressive strength [MPa]

Strain at failure [%]

Material

Andesite

207.31 205.45

0.78 0.84 0.95 0.51 8.04 2.84

27,118 23,835

Basalt

Socket leveler

24,03 26.96 68.66

2732 6062 1031

Concrete

Crosslinked epoxy resin

EPS adhesive

3.80

207 778 866 663

31.40* 40.47*

6.11* 7.14*

FDM ABS 100% 1 FDM TPLA 100% 1 FDM PLA 60% 1

22.22 21.27 41.05

4.48 0.93 0.36

Mortar

2534

Ceramic powder

11,870

Out of measuring range

Out of measuring range

Crosslinked polyester resin Polyester-crushed stone composite

1189

78.30 81.33 22.31

1.79 9.36 5.37

4845 1030

PolyJet RGD 835

PUR0 2

545 867

26.59*

4.82*

PUR100 2 PUR200 2

31.62

5.82

1148 1075

Multi Jet Fusion PA12

40.61**

4.61**

Clay soil

4.55

6.07

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1 The percentage indicates the filing of the compression specimen. 2 The number indicates the quantity of ATH adhesive in percentage. * Compression stress at yield. ** Stress and elongation measured at 1% residual and elastic deformation. Table 2: The results of compression tests

Flexural strength [MPa]

Strain at flexural strength [%]

Flexural Young’s modulus [MPa]

Material Andesite

34.33 25.01 7.71 6.93 1.85 7.60 18.71 57.41*

0.38 0.28 0.11 0.09 0.15 0.12 0.18

8784 8679 7007 8320 1399 6377

Basalt

Socket leveler

Concrete

EPS adhesive

Mortar

Ceramics powder

10,423 1715

Crosslinked polyester resin Polyester-crushed stone composite

4.31*

20.59

0.42

5408

* Limit of bending stress and the associated elongation.

Table 3: The results of bending tests

C ONCLUSION

n this study, several materials and additive manufacturing and molding techniques were investigated to create simplified railway ballast grain analogs. The following conclusions can be drawn based on the experimental results: I

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