PSI - Issue 59

Liubomyr Poberezhnyi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 59 (2024) 158–166 Liubomyr Poberezhnyi et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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calculated using the COMSOL default value of the exchange current density. Another noteworthy observation emerges when comparing the models based on the values of the OCP after 24 h in the solution and before the potentiodynamic test. In the latter case, current densities are 75-80% lower. Current densities for specimens without isolation are 1.9…2.5 times higher than for specimens with isolation defects. However, it’s crucia l to keep in mind that the main risks to the structure arise from the localization of corrosion processes. All the presented models consistently indicate the highest corrosion risks at the BM – HAZ and HAZ-WM boundaries. 4. Conclusions Theoretical and experimental studies into the corrosion of welded joints of wind turbine towers have been carried out. To predict the corrosion processes of wind turbines, the proposal is to employ COMSOL Multiphysics modeling with subsequent refinement through experimentally measured electrochemical parameters. It is shown that models built using experimentally obtained values of the OCP and exchange currents yield satisfactory results. In many instances, utilizing only the measured OCP value is adequate for promptly identifying structural elements with an elevated risk of corrosion. In the future, it is necessary to integrate field and experimental studies with computer modeling of corrosion processes. References Borko, K., Hajima, B., Pastorek, F., 2019. Corrosion properties of the welded joint of S355J2 steel in the environment of chlorides. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47(4), 342-347. COP28, IRENA and GRA, 2023. Tripling renewable power and doubling energy efficiency by 2030: Crucial steps towards 1.5°C, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. IRENA, 2023. World Energy Transitions Outlook 2023: 1.5°C Pathway, Volume 1, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. IRENA and ILO, 2023. Renewable energy and jobs: Annual review 2023, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi and International Labour Organization, Geneva. Katona, R. M., Knight, A. W., Schindelholz, E. J., Bryan, C. R., Schaller, R. F., Kelly, R. G., 2021. Quantitative assessment of environmental phenomena on maximum pit size predictions in marine environments. Electrochimica Acta 370, 137696. Kryzhanivskyy, Y., Poberezhny, L., Maruschak, P., Lyakh, M., Slobodyan, V., Zapukhliak, V., 2019. Influence of test temperature on impact toughness of X70 pipe steel welds. Procedia Structural Integrity 16, 237-244. Leshchak, R.L., Babii, А.V., Barna R.А., and Syrotyuk А.М. , 2020. Corrosion resistance of steel of the frames of boom sprayers. Materials Science 56(3), 425 – 431. Marushchak, P. O., Salo, U. V., Bishchak, R. T., Poberezhnyi, L. Y., 2014. Study of main gas pipeline steel strain hardening after prolonged operation. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 50(1-2), 58-61. Melchers, R. E., 2005. The effect of corrosion on the structural reliability of steel offshore structures. Corrosion science 47(10), 2391-2410. Momber, A.W., Plagemann, P., Stenzel, V., 2015. Performance and integrity of protective coating systems for offshore wind farms after three years of operation in offshore site conditions, Renewable Energy 74, 606-617. Nykyforchyn, H., Krechkovska, H., Student, O., Zvirko, O., 2019. Feature of stress corrosion cracking of degraded gas pipeline steels. Procedia Structural Integrity 16, 153-160. Okipnyi, I., Poberezhny, L., Zapukhliak, V., Hrytsanchuk, A., Poberezhna, L., Stanetsky, A., Kravchenko, V., Rybitskyi, I., 2020. Impact of long-term operation on the reliability and durability of transit gas pipelines. Strojnicky Casopis 70(1), 115 – 126. Poberezhny, L., Hrytsanchuk, A., Okipnyi, I., Poberezhna, L., Stanetsky, A., Fedchyshyn, N., 2019. Minimizing losses during natural gas transportation. Strojnícky časopis -Journal of Mechanical Engineering 69(1), 97-108. Syrotyuk, А.М., Babii , А.V., Barna , R.А., Leshchak , R.L., Marushchak, P.О. , 2021. Corrosion-Fatigue Crack-Growth Resistance of Steel of the Frame of a Sprayer Boom. Materials Science 56(4), 466 – 471. Tusar, M. I. H., Sarker, B. R., 2022. Maintenance cost minimization models for offshore wind farms: A systematic and critical review. International Journal of Energy Research 46(4), 3739-3765. Zhang, Xian-man, et al., 2022. "Corrosion resistances of metallic materials in environments containing chloride ions: A review." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 32.2, 377-410. Zvirko, O. I., 2021. In-service degradation of structural steels (A survey). Materials Science 57(3), 319-330.