PSI - Issue 59

O.M. Zaika et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 59 (2024) 786–792

789

4

O.M. Zaika et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

The aim of the project at Kromberg & Schubert is to improve the quality of 3D printing in a mass production en vironment. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks need to be addressed: The aim of the project at Kromberg & Schubert is to improve the quality of 3D printing in a mass production environment. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks need to be addressed The novelty of this approach lies in a comprehensive set of production optimisations, integrated in a production stand, aimed at improving 3D printing. It also allows the implementation of measures to improve the company's energy efficiency and environmental performance, while complying with European environmental standards to ensure personnel safety. The project has already been successfully implemented in the mass production of brackets. In addition, there are plans to use this special rack in other affiliated Kromberg & Schubert plants. The creation of this dedicated stand for 9 printers serves the dual purpose of increasing energy efficiency and reducing the occurrence of failed print pro cesses. In addition to addressing print process failures, it is essential to identify and address the primary factors that affect print quality. Efforts are then made to either eliminate or minimise the impact of these factors. 3. Devices involved in the study The UD 3701 ultrasonic flaw detector was used to measure surface defects, as shown in Figure 3. This enabled the simulation of multiple surfaces on the 3D brackets and the identification of critical areas in the brackets that required attention. The UD 3701 flaw detector included the ADC function, which displayed echo signals at their true amplitudes without the need for compensation. This ADC curve was used to graphically correct for factors such as material attenuation, near-field effects and beam scattering. In addition, the AVD curve, constructed for a reference reflector of a given area, described the relationship between signal amplitude and depth within the material. This curve was particularly useful for inspecting surfaces that were not amenable to visual inspection. - Identify and mitigate negative factors affecting print quality; - Develop a specialised stand capable of accommodating 9 printers.

Fig. 3. Stethoscope Ultrasonic Flaw Detector UD 3701.

The primary purpose of the UD3701 flaw detector was to identify a wide range of internal and external defects in products and structures made from a variety of materials. However, in addition to its traditional role as a quality control tool, the UD3701 ultrasonic flaw detector offered improved timing accuracy, making it suitable for high precision measurements of product thickness and ultrasonic velocity. This mode of operation allowed thickness measurements to be made to within 0.01mm, similar to modern thickness gauges with A-scan capability. As a result, it could effectively replace two standard instruments - an ultrasonic flaw detector and a thickness gauge, as shown in Figure 3. Temperature monitoring within the enclosed rack environment was also facilitated by the use of the TES-TO 925 industrial thermometer. This instrument is recognised for its accuracy and reliability in industrial environments due to its compatibility with 24 types of standard wired probes, as well as various wireless probe options. These probes include flexible thermocouples, immersion probes, surface probes, air probes and those with Velcro or magnetic attachments. The measurement range extends from - 50 to +1,000°C.