PSI - Issue 54

2

Isyna Izzal Muna, Magdalena Mieloszyk / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

438 © B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ICSI 2023 organizers Keywords: carbon fiber reinforced polymer; thermal treatment, tensile testing, microscale modeling, macroscale modeling 1. Introduction Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have revolutionized various industries due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and versatility. They are widely employed in aerospace, automotive, sports equipment, and infrastructure applications, among others. Recently, the CFRP structures have been preferred to be fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) over traditional manufacturing owing to its efficiency and flexibility incorporating different materials and designs. The printed CFRP in real applications have been subjected to changing environmental conditions such as temperature variations, especially in the marine and aerospace industries. However, during their in-life service, CFRP structures are subjected to cyclic and impact loading, which can cause degradation and shorten the lifespan of the structure. Thermal effects play a critical role in CFRP composites' mechanical performance because they can cause significant variations in material properties and structural responses. At the microscale, the interaction between carbon fibers and the polymer matrix is greatly influenced by temperature changes, affecting interfacial bonding, stiffness, and strength. On the macroscale, temperature fluctuations can lead to dimensional changes, stress concentrations, and even structural failures. Temperature has a strong influence on the matrix material used to join CFRP components, resulting in a reduction in material strength. This happens because the polymer becomes gradually softer when subjected to temperature above glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymer matrix material. Changing the temperature of the composite also causes swelling or contraction of the polymer matrix, which the fibers resist. This causes residual stresses to form and changes the distribution of stress and strain in the composite (Chowdury, 2016). Due to the different expansion or contraction behavior of the constituent laminas, a similar effect is observed at the laminate level. The goal of the present study is to perform numerical simulations on the thermal effects and mechanical properties of unidirectional (UD) CFRP composite manufactured with the FDM method. The numerical modeling used with finite element method (FEM) on the samples with the same alignments of the fiber reinforcement and the thickness of the fiber bundles used during the AM process. Abaqus software is the main tool for numerical analyses presented in the paper. The material’s strength and modulus are compared for the intact (without thermal influence) sample and treated samples exposed to prolonged temperatures at 65 ° C and 145 ° C. The obtained numerical results from micro and macroscale are then compared with the experimental results. Previously, Muna (2021) performed a numerical modeling on a CFRP sample with a different number of plies (layers) subjected to an elevated temperature and its deflection temperature was studied. In order to fully harness the potential of CFRPs and optimize their mechanical performance, it is imperative to understand and simulate the thermal effects on their behavior at both the microscale and macroscale. This paper explore the significance of simulating thermal effects on the mechanical behavior of CFRPs, highlighting the multifaceted challenges and opportunities associated with these advanced materials. By comprehending and accurately modeling these thermal influences, engineers and researchers can pave the way for improved design, enhanced durability, and heightened safety in CFRP applications, ultimately advancing the potential for innovative solutions across various industries. 2. Micromechanical Modeling The microstructure has become increasingly more complex for reinforced materials due to the variety of fiber architecture and layer stacking configurations. ‹ ”‘‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ƒŽŽ‘™• ˆ‘” ƒ †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ‹•‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Isyna Izzal Muna et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 54 (2024) 437–445 2023 The Authors, Published by Elsevier