PSI - Issue 54

Wojciech Skarka et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 54 (2024) 506–513 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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Keywords: Load analysis, Protection cage, Collision resistance

1. Introduction As part of the PBL project titled 'Collision-Resistant Drone,' we developed a drone system with a cage designed to increase its resilience to collisions with external objects. The acronym PBL stands for 'Project-Based Learning', which is an educational approach that emphasizes learning through practical experiences and projects. During PBL classes students work on projects or tasks typically related to real-world problems or situations, which definitely makes learning more authentic and engaging. 2. Drone concept 2.1 The drone model presented in the paper is an example of an innovative approach to drone design that combines simplicity of assembly, durability, and precise flight control. The frame of this drone has been 3D printed and optimized so that it is extremely easy to assemble. At the same time, the design is durable enough, despite the small weight, to allow it to achieve flight performance with a minimum load. This frame provides a solid basis for the other components. In order to provide adequate airflow, two counter-rotating propellers, positioned opposite each other were used. Thanks to this solution, the drone achieves excellent flight performance and stability in the air. The control of the engines, propellers, and the whole machine is carried out with the "Ultra Control 30a 2-6s"[1] plate, which guarantees precise and responsive operation. Additionally, flight control is managed by the "MATEK F405-WMN Flight Controller"[2] board, which assures stability and confidence during maneuvers. Servo mechanisms in the model are controlled with the "MATEK F405-miniTE"[3], which allows precise control of the camera or other useful accessories. To keep the drone in a stable position in the air, it has been equipped with a special cover and a gimbal, which are fixed by means of two push connections. This solution facilitates. smooth and precise recordings or photos during a flight. This drone model is the perfect combination of modern 3D printing technology, advanced electronic components, and precise design.[4] It is perfect for both hobbyists and professionals who are looking for a drone with exceptional capabilities and easy installation. 3. Load analysis on the drone protection cage 3.1. Drone cage design Our main goal was to make a cage that would be easily assembled, light and would protect the drone as much as possible. In the end, we decided to use a sphere in which the whole drone would be placed.[5] During the research process, the most promising shape ideas for drone cage design were selected. They are presented as follows: • Truncated icosahedron (used in football) (Fig. 1a) • Globus like (imitating lines of latitude and longitude) (Fig.1b) • Pentakis dodecahedron (Fig.1c)

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Fig. 1. (a) Truncated icosahedron, (b) Globus like, (c) Pentakis dodecahedron