PSI - Issue 54

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 54 (2024) 294–299

International Conference on Structural Integrity 2023 (ICSI 2023) Investigations of the Hybrid Beam Behavior during the Three-point Bending Test International Conference on Structural Integrity 2023 (ICSI 2023) Investigations of the Hybrid Beam Behavior during the Three-point Bending Test

Jaroslav Václavík a , Lukasz Dopierala b , Jan Chvojan a, * a Research and testing institute Plzen, Tylova 1581/46, Plzen 301 00, Czech Republic b Solaris Bus and Coach, ul. Obornicka 46, Bolechowo-Osiedle, 62- 005 Owińska, Poland Jaroslav Václavík a , Lukasz Dopierala b , Jan Chvojan a, * a Research and testing institute Plzen, Tylova 1581/46, Plzen 301 00, Czech Republic b Solaris Bus and Coach, ul. Obornicka 46, Bolechowo-Osiedle, 62- 005 Owińska, Poland

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ICSI 2023 organizers Abstract The hybrid beam for bus structure parts is the combination of CFRP and hollow profile made from stainless steel. Special intention is focused to lower the bus structure mass and increase stiffness resistance to crash and fatigue damage. The paper presents some investigations concerning the bending of the structure and gives results of the bending of the hollow profiles with CFRP plates and filled with the foam. The goal is to optimize the location of hybrid beam on the structure to ensure that the CFRP layer will not be destroyed or delaminated. © 2023 The Authors, Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ICSI 2023 organizers Keywords: hybrid beam, bending test, hollow profile, CFRP plate 1. Introduction The vehicle producers must achieve the lowest possible weight of the vehicle with a view to reducing the energy consumption and environmental impact. Presently the material used for the body frame construction is steel. In order to reduce the weight of the vehicle manufacturers try to use less materials to the production, such practices can result in construction failures that can affect the safety factor. Taking into account the size and variety of buses production, it is not possible to take full advantage of the benefits of using carbon fibre technology. That is why it is a great interest in hybrid materials (standard structure Abstract The hybrid beam for bus structure parts is the combination of CFRP and hollow profile made from stainless steel. Special intention is focused to lower the bus structure mass and increase stiffness resistance to crash and fatigue damage. The paper presents some investigations concerning the bending of the structure and gives results of the bending of the hollow profiles with CFRP plates and filled with the foam. The goal is to optimize the location of hybrid beam on the structure to ensure that the CFRP layer will not be destroyed or delaminated. © 2023 The Authors, Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ICSI 2023 organizers Keywords: hybrid beam, bending test, hollow profile, CFRP plate 1. Introduction The vehicle producers must achieve the lowest possible weight of the vehicle with a view to reducing the energy consumption and environmental impact. Presently the material used for the body frame construction is steel. In order to reduce the weight of the vehicle manufacturers try to use less materials to the production, such practices can result in construction failures that can affect the safety factor. Taking into account the size and variety of buses production, it is not possible to take full advantage of the benefits of using carbon fibre technology. That is why it is a great interest in hybrid materials (standard structure

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +420 737 237 993 E-mail address: chvojan@vzuplzen.cz * Corresponding author. Tel.: +420 737 237 993 E-mail address: chvojan@vzuplzen.cz

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors, Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ICSI 2023 organizers 2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors, Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ICSI 2023 organizers

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ICSI 2023 organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.086