PSI - Issue 54

T. Fekete et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 54 (2024) 314–321 Investigation on geometric imperfections… Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

316

3

Fig. 1. Paradigm shift in the methodology of SICs.

2.2. Application to Material Testing

Since the theory underlying SIC s is based on modern thermodynamics, as outlined above, material testing is also considered a thermodynamic process, resulting from the interaction between a measuring device and a properly prepared specimen under special conditions. During Concept Design, particular attention has been paid to the following issues: • How to derive primary results from sensory observations, using appropriate transformations; • Effects of sample preparation on measurement results. To extend information content of the observations, a subsystem has been added to the material testing machine that allows tracking the full geometry of a specimen during measurements. Measurement results are produced using the DT of the physical processes, observed during measurements, by simulating the experiment on the DT . The new Conceptual Model is an application-oriented meta-model of Measurement and Evaluation that integrates Reality, Theory and Digital Twin into a coherent scheme. The complex relation between Theory , Digital Twin and Reality is illustrated in Figure 2. For the diagram: MOS – Measurement Object Selection; MO – Measurement Object; Prep – Preparation; Meas – Measurement; Assess – Assessing; Eval – Evaluation; Init – Initial state during measurement; Fin – Final state during measurement.

T → → → → → T T T T MOS Prep Meas Assess Eval Init Fin X MO MO Y

Ev

Theory

V

T

T

T

T

T







↓

↓

↓

↓

ց ⇕

↓

DT → → → → → DT DT DT DT MOS Prep Meas Assess Eval Init Fin X MO MO Y

Ev

Digital Twin

V

DT

DT

DT

DT

DT





↓

↑

↑

վ ր

↓

Pre → → → R R R p Meas Assess Init Fin MO MO

R → MOS

Reality

X

Y

R

R

R

R

where

{

}

(

)

( ) i τ

( ) i+1 τ

( ) i+1 τ

( ) τ τ τ ∆τ + : i

(

)

, τ τ

, τ τ

i i+1 → → → Ext MO S

: Meas Meas

:

, : i Init Fin ...

MO

Val

R

R i

i+1

Prim i+1 i+1 i

Fig. 2. Conceptual model for measurement