PSI - Issue 54

Daniel F.O. Braga et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 54 (2024) 568–574 Daniel F.O. Braga et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000

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4. Conclusions Hybrid metal AM through SLM and LMD was demonstrated in tool steel as a possible production strategy for high demanding tooling, with good structural integrity. Defect free depositions were achieved, as well as a strong bond between DIN 1.2709 tool steel, produced through SLM, and TS700 tool steel, produced through LMD. No significant intermetallics were observed at the interface of the two materials. A small interface region in the SLM tool steel showed effect of laser reheating due to the LMD process. Failure was consistently fragile in nature and always in the LMD material and nucleating from the interface region. LMD Laser Power was shown to have a maximum within the parameter set window, and affected the strength of the hybrid material the most, when combined it’s linear and quadratic effect. LMD deposition with laser power of 2212.12 W, and maximum scan velocity and minimum powder feed, result in the strongest hybrid components. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the project POCI- 01-0247-FEDER-072260, financed by European Funds, through program COMPETE2020, under the Eureka smart label S0318-STREAM -Surface TREatment for Additive Manufacturing. References Braga, V., Siqueira, R., Atilio, I., Mansur, R., Vieira, D., Chen, D., Lima, M., 2021. Microstructural and mechanical aspects of laser metal deposited h13 powder for die repair. Materials Today Communications 29, 102945. URL: https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352492821009314 , doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102945 . Graf, B., Schuch, M., Kersting, R., Gumenyuk, A., Rethmeier, M., 2015. Additive process chain using selective laser melting and laser metal deposition, in: Lasers in Manufacturing Conference. Mazur, M., Leary, M., McMillan, M., Elambasseril, J., Brandt, M., 2016. Slm additive manufacture of h13 tool steel with conformal cooling and structural lattices. Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, 504–518. Petrat, T., Graf, B., Gumenyuk, A., Rethmeier, M., 2016. Laser metal deposition as repair technology for a gas turbine burner made of inconel 718. Physics Procedia 83, 761–768. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1875389216301857 , doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.078 . laser Assisted Net Shape Engineering 9 Interna tional Conference on Photonic Technologies Proceedings of the LANE 2016 September 19-22, 2016 Fürth, Germany. Petrat, T., Kersting, R., Graf, B., Rethmeier, M., 2018. Embedding electronics into additive manufactured components using laser metal deposition and selective laser melting. Procedia CIRP 74, 168–171. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S2212827118308552 , doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.071 . 10th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies [LANE 2018]. Son, J.Y., Lee, K.Y., Shin, G.Y., Choi, C.H., Shim, D.S., 2023. Mechanical and thermal properties of the high thermal conductivity steel (htcs) additively manufactured via powder-fed direct energy deposition. Micromachines 14. URL: https: //www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/4/872 , doi: 10.3390/mi14040872 . Uhlmann, E., Düchting, J., Petrat, T., Graf, B., Rethmeier, M., 2019. Heat treatment of slm-lmd hybrid components, in: Proceedings of the Lasers in Manufacturing Conference (LIM). Vafadar, A., Guzzomi, F., Rassau, A., Hayward, K., 2021. Advances in metal additive manufacturing: A review of common processes, industrial applications, and current challenges. Applied Sciences 11. URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/ 11/3/1213 , doi: 10.3390/app11031213 . Yao, Y., Huang, Y., Chen, B., Tan, C., Su, Y., Feng, J., 2018. Influence of processing parameters and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 18ni300 manufactured by laser based directed energy deposition. Optics Laser Technology 105, 171–179. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030399217317760 , doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.03.011 .