PSI - Issue 53

Mariana Cunha et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 53 (2024) 386–396 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

392

7

1

2

3

4

8

6

5

7

9

10

11

Figure 4 - Cross section views of lines 1 to 11

Table 7- Geometrical measurement results of lines 1 to 11

Aspect ratio (h/w)

Dilution [%]

Line

w [mm]

h [mm]

d [mm]

ϴ [º] left

ϴ [ º] right

Am [mm 2 ]

Ap [mm 2 ]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0.99 2.32 1.52 2.53 2.87 3.12 3.20 1.30 2.94 2.89 -

0.32 0.39 0.63 0.69 0.36 0.70 0.83 1.37 2.14 0.79 -

0.26 0.35 0.20 0.40 0.87 1.02 1.26 0.30 0.60 0.50 -

0.32 0.17 0.42 0.27 0.13 0.22 0.26 1.05 0.73 0.27 -

36 32 48 35 57

51 30 48 39 26 40 56 96 -

- - - -

0.24 0.61 0.77 1.33 0.75 1.48 1.78 2.34 5.95 1.71 -

- - - -

139

1.91 2.68

72 64

-

-

-

48

3.56

67

- -

- - -

- - -

10 11

131

45

41

Finally, a multi-layered volume, consisting of 6 layers, was produced for investigating microstructure, microhardness, and defects across the building direction. The global deposition energy for this deposition was 151 J/mm 2 with a laser power of 1900 W, a scanning speed of 6 mm/s, and the laser spot size of 2.1 mm. A cross-sectional view of the final multi-layered volume is depicted in Figure 5. When evaluating the efficacy of powder metallurgy techniques, particularly for AM methods like L-DED, studying porosity becomes crucial. The powder´s porosity directly affects the mechanical properties of additively manufactured component. As depicted in Figure 6, the presence of lack of fusion porosities, characterized by their irregular shape is discernible adjacent to the interface of deposited and substrate material. The presence of these defects may be attributed to insufficient energy input for effectively melting a zone constituted by a mixture of dissimilar materials.