PSI - Issue 51

Mohammed Algarni et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 51 (2023) 185–191 M. Algarni/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000

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IFDs were 30%, 50%, and 80%, where the specimen with 30% IFD is lighter and has less material than the specimen with 80% IFD. Based on the design of the experiment, 27 sets of data with different parameter combinations were set for testing and are shown in table 1. The data sets illustrate how different process parameters affect tensile strength and strain behavior. Four tests were undertaken for each data set, and their average was recorded to ensure the integrity and reliability of the results. Thus, 108 specimens were tested. The 108 specimens were tested using an electrical loading machine by Ametek Lloyd (model LRX plus) with a capacity of 5 kN (Fig. 1 left ). The tests were performed at room temperature and run until complete fracture (Fig. 1 middle ), and different fracture patterns were noticed based on different RSAs (Fig. 1 right ). The tensile strength and strain were recorded (table 1).

Table 1. Design of experiment and experimental results data. No. RSA LYT IFD

Experimental results

Modeling results

Strength (avg)

Strain (avg)

Strength 563 N 786 N 887 N 603 N 825 N 927 N 684 N 906 N 395 N 617 N 718 N 434 N 656 N 758 N 515 N 737 N 838 N 246 N 468 N 569 N 285 N 507 N 609 N 366 N 588 N 689 N 1007 N

Strain

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0º 0º 0º 0º 0º 0º 0º 0º 0º

0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.2 mm 0.2 mm 0.2 mm 0.3 mm 0.3 mm 0.3 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.2 mm 0.2 mm 0.2 mm 0.3 mm 0.3 mm 0.3 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.2 mm 0.2 mm 0.2 mm 0.3 mm 0.3 mm 0.3 mm

30% 50% 80% 30% 50% 80% 30% 50% 80% 30% 50% 80% 30% 50% 80% 30% 50% 80% 30% 50% 80% 30% 50% 80% 30% 50% 80%

502 N 789 N 842 N 560 N 821 N 978 N 709 N 929 N 401 N 598 N 712 N 458 N 628 N 783 N 498 N 782 N 813 N 259 N 501 N 593 N 308 N 528 N 601 N 328 N 592 N 622 N 1045 N

1.32% 1.40% 1.57% 1.49% 1.55% 1.69% 1.59% 1.63% 1.75% 1.83% 1.97% 2.08% 1.97% 2.09% 2.13% 2.04% 2.10% 2.19% 2.14% 2.31% 2.36% 2.18% 2.33% 2.41% 2.23% 2.32% 2.45%

1.22% 1.48% 1.49% 1.44% 1.69% 1.70% 1.41% 1.67% 1.67% 1.73% 1.99% 2.00% 1.95% 2.20% 2.21% 1.92% 2.18% 2.18% 1.99% 2.25% 2.25% 2.21% 2.46% 2.47% 2.18% 2.44% 2.45%

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

45º 45º 45º 45º 45º 45º 45º 45º 45º 90º 90º 90º 90º 90º 90º 90º 90º 90º