PSI - Issue 51

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ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 51 (2023) 37–43

6th International Conference on Structural Integrity and Durability (ICSID 2022) Load history estimation for ballistic impacts with bullet-splash 6th International Conference on Structural Integrity and Durability (ICSID 2022) Load history estimation for ballistic impacts with bullet-splash

R. Andreotti a,b *, M. Quercia b , A. Casaroli a , M.V. Boniardi a a Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Meccanica, Via G. La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy b Callens® AREA3, Via Merini 37 21100 Varese, Italy R. Andreotti a,b *, M. Quercia b , A. Casaroli a , M.V. Boniardi a a Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Meccanica, Via G. La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy b Callens® AREA3, Via Merini 37 21100 Varese, Italy

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ICSID 2022 Organizers Abstract The paper validates two simplified approaches to simulate the interactions between impactor and target during the so-called bullet splash phenomenon, i.e., the full fragmentation of the impactor without any penetration of the target. The approaches are based on treating the interactions between impactor and target as the deflection of a fluid flow; in one case the load history is estimated by the mass distribution of the bullet and its impact velocity; in the second case the interaction is simulated by means of an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation. The two methods are applied and experimentally validated to simulate a monolithic .308 rifle bullet impacting on a high strength steel plate. The results demonstrate the suitability of the load history method for large scale finite element explicit simulations for the assessment of ballistic protection systems. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ) Peer-review under responsibility of the ICSID 2022 chairpersons Keywords: ballistic impact; simulation; explicit solver; finite elements; ballistic protection; bullet-splash 1. Introduction The contribution is part of a research project aiming at developing and validating efficient systematic methods to conduct explicit finite element simulations for the structural assessment of ballistic protection systems, which is a crucial part in the process of development of modern military aircrafts. In the aerospace and defense industry the survivability of critical airframe structures and the safety of human occupants is assured by means of protective panels able to fragment and stop high speed impactors from penetrating. The protective functionality of the panels is guaranteed by means of experimental tests typically conducted by the suppliers, but the surrounding structures to Abstract The paper validates two simplified approaches to simulate the interactions between impactor and target during the so-called bullet splash phenomenon, i.e., the full fragmentation of the impactor without any penetration of the target. The approaches are based on treating the interactions between impactor and target as the deflection of a fluid flow; in one case the load history is estimated by the mass distribution of the bullet and its impact velocity; in the second case the interaction is simulated by means of an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation. The two methods are applied and experimentally validated to simulate a monolithic .308 rifle bullet impacting on a high strength steel plate. The results demonstrate the suitability of the load history method for large scale finite element explicit simulations for the assessment of ballistic protection systems. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ) Peer-review under responsibility of the ICSID 2022 chairpersons Keywords: ballistic impact; simulation; explicit solver; finite elements; ballistic protection; bullet-splash 1. Introduction The contribution is part of a research project aiming at developing and validating efficient systematic methods to conduct explicit finite element simulations for the structural assessment of ballistic protection systems, which is a crucial part in the process of development of modern military aircrafts. In the aerospace and defense industry the survivability of critical airframe structures and the safety of human occupants is assured by means of protective panels able to fragment and stop high speed impactors from penetrating. The protective functionality of the panels is guaranteed by means of experimental tests typically conducted by the suppliers, but the surrounding structures to

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-348-526-3334. E-mail address: riccardo.andreotti@callens.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-348-526-3334. E-mail address: riccardo.andreotti@callens.it

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the ICSID 2022 chairpersons 2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the ICSID 2022 chairpersons

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