PSI - Issue 51

Daniel Ivaničić et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 51 (2023) 199 – 205 D. Ivani č i ć et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

200

2

Finite Element (FE) method are constantly being improved. Topology optimization finds its application in numerous fields such as aeronautics, transport and mobility, as well as in some very specific areas of research such as shape optimization of weld orientation in simple plate structure (Larsen, Arora, Clausen (2021)). Benefits of topology optimization are multiple – optimal designs are easier to find, time required for product development is reduced, lightweight designs with maintained rigidity of individual parts are developed, and reduced weight consequently reduces the amount of energy used. Numerical simulations are often performed during the product development. To obtain reliable results, input information i.e. material properties, boundary conditions (loading scenario etc.) must be defined properly. Since these information are often unknown or unavailable at a given time, assumptions must be made and verified. Recently, Digital Image Correlation (DIC), a nondestructive method for measurement of displacements and deformations, i.e. the behavior of a product is widely used as a tool for verification of various models and numerical analysis results (i.e. evaluation of true stress-stress diagrams for welded joints, Milosevic et al. (2021), determination of material parameters from measurements, Gerbig et al. (2016), levelling FE analysis data, Lava et al. (2020) etc.). Within this work, the topology optimization on the selected design of the cantilever plate load-bearing element was performed. To verify the obtained results, experimental verification of 3D printed samples was performed. Displacements were measured using Digital Image Correlation system (DIC) and compared to the results obtained by FE analysis to verify the design and performed FE-based optimization and analysis.

Nomenclature b e

cross-section width [mm] Young's modulus [MPa]

E L

arm force [mm] loading force [N] yield stress [MPa] displacement [mm]

Q e R e w ʹ

cross-section height [mm] Poisson number [ − ]

δ e

ν

2. Materials and methods 2.1. Experimental setup for holding and loading of samples The load-bearing element chosen for this investigation is a cantilever plate element, clamped on one side and loaded on the free end (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Schematic of the loading setup.