PSI - Issue 50

M.M. Kopyrin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 50 (2023) 137–146 M. M. Kopyrin et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

138

2

1. Introduction A promising direction in the development of materials science is the modification of polymers by introducing fillers into the volume, coating the surface, connecting with other materials or reinforcing with various types of fibers, according to Hollaway (2001) and Oladele (2020). Reinforcement with fabrics or fibers of various polymeric matrices makes it possible to obtain high-modulus materials characterized by increased strength and high resistance to shear failure. One of the areas of polymer materials science is the development of high-modulus composite materials based on a combination of elastomer and reinforcing fillers. When developing composite elastomers, the possibility of their operation at negative temperatures must be taken into account, since in some areas of the Arctic and subarctic the temperature in winter can drop below -50 ℃ . These parameters can lead to failure of rubber products. When operating products in these conditions, increasing reliability is achieved by using materials with increased frost resistance. One of the main ingredients of the rubber compound, as indicated by Bukhina and Kurlyand (2007), which is responsible for the ability to work at low temperatures, is rubber. Wang et al. (2013) state that elastomers based on siloxane, isoprene, and butadiene rubbers have high frost resistance. The main reinforcing filler for elastomers are natural fibers. Mahesh et al. (2022) have studied elastomers reinforced with natural jute fiber. The authors found that the introduction of a filler increased the strength of composite materials. Kodal et al. (2020) investigated the physico-mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of viscose fiber-reinforced silicone elastomers. Research in the field of elastomer reinforcement with high-modulus fibers is of the greatest interest. For example, in the works of He et al. (2017), Praveen et al. (2009), Yin et al. (2020) and Yang et al. (2019), the effect of reinforcement of various elastomers with aramid fibers on their physical and mechanical properties was studied. In all studies, there is a general trend towards an increase in the strength properties of the studied materials and a low adhesion strength between the substrate and the adhesive. Also, for the development of high-modulus PCM, Balaji et al. (2020), Ali et al. (2021), Newcomb (2016), and Tang and Yan (2020) used fillers from basalt, glass, and carbon metals. The main advantages of these materials are high physical and mechanical properties, as reported by Liu et al. (2006), Lee and Liu (1990), and chemical inertness, as reported by Dalinkevich et al. (2015), Liu and Kumar (2012), Yang (2020) and Schutte (1994). These fillers are mainly used in thermoplastics, mainly in epoxy matrices, for example in studies by Lopresto et al. (2011), Fiore et al. (2015), Chaallal and Benmokrane (1993), Sathishkumar et al. (2014), Barile and Casavola (2019) and Che et al. (2014). Combining a frost-resistant elastomer with high modulus fibers will make it possible to obtain a polymer composite material with high strength properties and frost resistance. The aim of this work is to study the physico-mechanical properties, morphology and structure of the obtained high-modulus elastomers based on frost-resistant cis-butadiene rubber reinforced with basalt, glass and carbon fiber fabrics. 2. Materials and methods In this work, elastomers reinforced with a reinforcing fabric by the laying method «layer -by- layer» and subsequent vulcanization were studied. The following were used as reinforcing fillers: basalt fabric (BF) brand BT 11 (100) (Factory of technical fabrics, Russia) with a surface density of 351 g/m 2 , with a twill weave 5/3; fiberglass (GF) brand TR-56030A (100) (PolotskSteklovolokno, Belarus) with a surface density of 560 g/m 2 , with a twill weave of fiber bundles 2/2; carbon fiber fabric (CF) grade 2/2-1000-12K-400 (Prepreg-SKM, Russia) with a surface density of 407 g/m 2 , with a 2/2 twill weave. A rubber compound based on frost-resistant butadiene rubber SKD-V (Sibur, Russia) was chosen as the elastomeric matrix. Mixing of the ingredients of the rubber mixture was carried out in a closed type PL-2200 rubber mixer (Brabender, Germany) for 20 min. The formulation and time of introducing the ingredients into the rubber compound are shown in Table 1.