PSI - Issue 50

M.M. Kopyrin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 50 (2023) 137–146 M. M. Kopyrin et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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Table 1. Recipe and time of introduction of rubber compound ingredients No Ingredients Mass fraction

Introduction time, min

1 2 3 4 5 6

SKD-V

100 2.0 50.0

0 0 2 5

Stearic acid

Technical Carbon N550

Zinc oxide

3.0 0.9 1.5

Sulfenamide C

10 12

Sulfur

Prototypes were made by layer-by-layer stacking of materials. A layer of reinforcing fabric was placed between the layers of the rubber compound. The layering scheme is shown in Fig.1.

Fig. 1. Reinforced material: elastomer layer - reinforcing fabric layer - elastomer layer

The initial rubber mixture and reinforced samples were vulcanized in a PKMV-100 hydraulic press (Impulse, Russia) at 155°C for 20 min at a pressure of 10 MPa. The elastic-strength properties of reinforced elastomers were determined on an Autograph AGS-JSTD testing machine (Shimadzu, Japan) according to ISO 37-2020; tribological properties were determined according to ISO 4649-85 using a 150 grit abrasive surface for 5 minutes; hardness was determined by the Shore A method according to ISO 7619-1-2009. The study of the microstructure of low-temperature cleavages and the friction surface of the samples was carried out on a JSM-7800F scanning electron microscope (JEOL, Japan) at a low accelerating voltage in the secondary electron mode. The IR spectra of the samples were recorded on a Fourier transform IR spectrometer 7000 FT-IR (Varian, USA). The spectra were obtained using a frustrated total internal reflection (ATIR) attachment in the range of 500 – 4000 cm – 1 . The glass transition temperature was determined on a DSC 204 F1 Phoenix differential scanning calorimeter (NETZSCH, Germany). Measurement of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the samples was carried out on a TMA-60/60N thermomechanical analyzer (Shimadzu, Japan) in the tem perature range from minus 100°C to plus 100°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min and a constant indenter load on the sample of 0.49 N. 3. Results and discussions Fig. 2 а -c shows the microstructure of basalt fabric (BF), glass fabric (GF) and carbon fabric (CF).

Fig. 2. Micrographs of fabrics: a) BF; b) GF; d) CF