PSI - Issue 48

Ilham Bagus Wiranto et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 48 (2023) 65–72

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Wiranto et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

Fig. 2. Crashworthiness facility : (a) Zhixin Huang et.al., (b) Qin Yang et.al., (c) Wu M et.al., (d) Sebaey et.al., and (e) Vigna et.al.

Table 2. Summary of the review study on crashworthiness experimental facility. Author (year) Facility Experiment Subject

Sensor

Output

The quasi-static tests as shown in Fig 2(a) are carried out on a universal testing machine. The impact tests are carried out using a drop-hammer test machine. The hammer weighs 77.89 kg in total. A drop weight impact testing tower was developed to conduct the impact tests, as shown in Fig. 2(b). The projectile employed in this study was a 532.9 g stainless steel ball with a diameter of 50.8 mm The drop test facility, as shown in Fig 2(c), has a maximum drop height of 2 m and a variety of drop hammers weighing 1 kg to 4 kg. The IM10 drop weight impact machine system as shown in Fig. 2(d). The striker mass is 4 kg and the total impactor mass (m) including the striker is 11.58 kg. The initial impact height (h) is 660 mm The tests are performed in an Instron 9450 drop tower testing system, that allows to test using different impact masses, velocities and energies up to 1800 J shown in Fig 2(e)

100 kN capacity universal testing machine.

Huang et al., 2019

Behaviours under quasi-static loading

Quasi-static impact tests

Projectile velocity, voltage change the impact process, impact, and rebound kinetic energies Impact forces, vertical acceleration during an impact, tensile and compressive strains during the test. Crush force, impact force, behavior of each specimen under impact loading

Light-emitting diode (LED), Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) system, Labjack U6 data acquisition

Impact behaviour of thin flat plate Viscoelastically Prestressed Polymer Matrix Composite Drop-weight test to investigate the impact behavior of concrete beams. The test parameters were varied in striker material, impact weight, and drop heights. Crashworthiness Investigation of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite structures filled with PU foam. The effect of two parameters on the energy absorption of composite materials: the friction between the specimen and the anti-buckling fixture and the crash velocity

Qin et al., 2020

Force transducer, accelerometer, strain gauges

Wu et al., 2015

30 kN Load cell, data acquisition system, high‐speed camera Photron SA4 Fastcam

Sebaey et al., 2021

222 kN Load cell, Photron FASTCAM Mini AX high speed camera

Crush force and failure process

Vigna et al., 2021

For instance, studies have shown that some geometries, such as tapered tubes, octagonal tubes, and square tubes with holes, exhibit higher specific energy absorption compared to circular tubes, square tubes, and rectangular tubes [Baroutaji et al., 2017]. Additionally, the length, thickness, and orientation of the tubes can also affect the specific energy absorption in crashworthiness. Other geometries, such as honeycomb structures and cellular materials, have also been found to exhibit high specific energy absorption capabilities in crashworthiness. These structures can have different cell sizes, wall thicknesses, and cell shapes that affect their energy absorption characteristics. Several papers