PSI - Issue 48

Snežana Stojičić et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 48 (2023) 104 – 112 Stojičić et al/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 ( 2023) 000–000

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cannot be successfully discovered and resolved without the application of special professional knowledge. The use of new technical and technological systems by the perpetrators of criminal acts requires the need to confront even higher technical and technological systems and professional knowledge with the aim of achieving a successful fight against crime. The use of high technology systems should be viewed both from the aspect of performing certain actions in the case of unwanted events and from the aspect of applaying repressive measures. A forensic engineer, as a professional who possesses certain skills and professional knowledge, conducts research into the facts and physical causes of accidents and other unwanted events with the aim of preparing reports, testifying in court proceedings, and presenting advisory opinions in order to help resolve disputes that affect life or property (Kenneth, 2001). Investigations and reconstructions of events that led to loss of life and/or damage to property do not always, have to be related to court proceedings, enabling the determination of the cause might be related to the prevention of the recurrence of such events. Enabling the inclusion of technical technological solutions and multi-disciplinary knowledge are the basis of forensic engineering, with the aim of achieving the discovery of the causes and consequences of the occurrence of events, which is materialised through the elements needed for law enforcement. The presence of risk exists in all human activities and systems. Risk is an inevitable part of business, and in many areas, it is necessary to provide confirmation of the implementation of appropriate risk management processes, especially considering the volume of data that is provided and processed in business processes. Forensic risk assessment refers to the possibility of predicting the probability of the occurrence of adverse events with the aim of timely identifying the need for preventive action or evaluating the undertaken actions. The results can be aimed at preventive action, identification of persons or circumstances that can lead to unwanted events, and/or discovery of the causes of unwanted events and activities undertaken to reduce the consequences. Strategies can be applied to reduce harmful consequences for persons, material resources, and the environments. It can also contribute to the planning and provision of appropriate minimum necessary resources for efficient and effective protection of the living and working environment. Forensic risk assessment represents one of the basic elements of modern forensic practise in many areas. Meaning that it is one of the directions in which the attention of the modern scientific public and research is directed. Identifying static and dynamic risk factors and appropriate responses to prevent them is included in the risk assessment process (Brown et al, 2014). Historically, risk represents the probability of gain or loss of certain values that are considered or estimated. At the beginning of the twentieth century, this approach was applied in the field of forensic mental health assessment. Forensic risk assessment in this area refers to the assessment of the probability of the occurrence of antisocial behaviour (Singh, 2012), that is, potential perpetrators of criminal acts. It could be said that in the last thirty years, forensic science has experienced a dramatic development considering the development of methods of identification to solve cases of relevant elements (DNA profiles, databases of physical evidence, evidence in digital form, etc.) along with new scientific instruments and tools, which overall, it significantly contributes to improving the role and impact of scientific evidence in criminal proceedings (Peterson et al., 2010). 2. Risk management Due to the presence of risks in all activities and areas of life, as well as the high potential of material, energy, and economic aspects of production systems the scope and severity of the consequences, it is necessary to pay special attention to the area of risk management. Risk management is primarily oriented towards maximum system stability and the acheivement of business goals while minimising losses and the consequences of unwanted events. Unwanted events can lead to unsafe conditions, and can be viewed from different aspects, through the analysis of events, by analysing current unsafe conditions, or by performing the analysis of possible occurrences of unsafe conditions. Areas in which unsafe conditions can be observed that can lead to the occurrence of unwanted events include the design, construction, building, and maintenance of facilities and technical systems. Also in these areas, unsafe condi-tions can be viewed from the aspect of forensic engineering as a process of determining, by order or for the needs of judicial or other authorities, the causes of losses or disruptions in the functionality and damage of objects that are the subject of engineering disciplines. In this way, forensic engineering examines the occurrence of unsafe conditions and unwanted events by applying engineering knowledge, competencies, and skills in the analysis of the causes and consequences of