PSI - Issue 48

Muhammad Rizky Arga Wijaya et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 48 (2023) 41–49 Wijaya et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000

48

8

Sisal fibres Jute fibres

1.5 1.3

2–2.5 1.5–1.8 – 1.39 1.4 – 3.7–4.3

511–635 393–773 290 342–548 540–630 614 500–1150

9.4–22 26.5 17 7–15 11–17 21 11.8

Potentially to be applied Potentially to be applied Potentially to be applied Potentially to be applied Applied Potentially to be applied Potentially to be applied

Bagasse fibres Mallow fibres Bamboo fibres Guaruman fibres Curaua fibres

1.25 1.33 1.3 0.57 1.4

8. Conclusions This article critically reviews the materials used for wind turbine blades. There are various materials used in the manufacture of wind turbine blades. The most commonly used materials in the manufacture of wind turbine blades are made from glass and carbon fibres. Natural composites are being developed and innovated due to their eco friendly and biodegradable nature. Blades with nano-composite materials are also being designed to improve their strength structure. Each material has different material properties and characteristics. The advantages and disadvantages of these materials are explained to provide insight into their properties of the materials. In the future, designers are challenged to research and innovate in the selection and develop high stiffness, low density, extended fatigue life features, lightweight, low cost, non-abrasive, biodegradability, and renewable properties. References Adiputra, R., Utsunomiya, T., 2019. Stability based approach to design cold-water pipe (CWP) for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). Applied Ocean Research, 92, 101921. Adiputra, R., Utsunomiya, T., 2021. Linear vs non-linear analysis on self-induced vibration of OTEC cold water pipe due to internal flow. Applied Ocean Research, 110, 102610. Andoh, P.Y., Agyei-Agyemang, A., Tawiah, P.O., Sekyere, C.K.K., Asante, C.M., 2021. Development of composite material for wind turbine blades. Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science, 2(2), 139–150. Bakri, B., Chandrabakty, S., Alfriansyah, R., Dahyar, A., 2016. Potential Coir fibre Composite for Small Wind Turbine Blade Application. International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics, 2(1), 42-44. Banga, H., Singh, V.K., Choudhary, S.K., 2015. Fabrication and study of mechanical properties of bamboo fibre reinforced biocomposites. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 6(1), 84–98. Carvalho, H., Ridwan, Sudarno, Prabowo, A.R., Bae, D.M., Huda, N., 2023. Failure criteria in crashworthiness analysis of ship collision and grounding using FEA: Milestone and development. Mekanika, 22(1), 30-39. Cherrington, R., Goodship, V., Meredith, J., Wood, B.M., Coles, S.R., Vuillaume, A.D., Feito-Boirac, A., Spee, F.V., Kirwan, K., 2012. Producer responsibility: Defining the incentive for recycling composite wind turbine blades in Europe. Energy Policy, 47, 13–21. Holmes, J.W., Brøndsted, P., Sørensen, B.F., Jiang, Z., Sun, Z., Chen, X., 2009. Development of a bamboo-based composite as a sustainable green material for wind turbine blades. Wind Engineering, 33(2), 197–210. Kalagi, G.R., Patil, R., Nayak, N., 2018. Experimental study on mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composite materials for wind turbine blades. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(1), 2588-2596. Kulatunga, S.D., Jayamani, E., Soon, K.H., Prashanth, H., Jeyanthi, S., Sankar, R., 2022. Comparative study of static and fatigue performances of wind turbine blade materials. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, 6848–6853. Mishnaevsky, L., Branner, K., Petersen, H.N., Beauson, J., McGugan, M., Sørensen, B.F., 2017. Materials for wind turbine blades: An overview. Materials, 10(11), 1285. Muhammed, A.K., Kannan, R.C., Stalin, B., 2020. Performance analysis of wind turbine blade materials using nanocomposites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, 4353–4361. Patil, N.A., Arvikar, S.A., Shahane, O.S., Geetha Rajasekharan, S., 2023. Estimation of dynamic characteristics of a wind turbine blade. Materials Today: Proceedings, 72, 340–349. Prabowoputra, D.M., Prabowo, A.R., Hadi, S., Sohn, J.M., 2020a. Assessment of turbine stages and blade numbers on modified 3D Savonius hydrokinetic turbine performance using CFD analysis. Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, 17(1), 253-272. Prabowoputra, D.M., Hadi, S., Sohn, J.M., Prabowo, A.R., 2020b. The effect of multi-stage modification on the performance of Savonius water turbines under the horizontal axis condition. Open Engineering, 10(1), 793-803. Prabowoputra, D.M., Prabowo, A.R., 2022. Effect of the Phase-Shift Angle on the vertical axis Savonius wind turbine performance as a renewable-energy harvesting instrument. Energy Reports, 8(S9), 57-66. Prabowoputra, D.M., Prabowo, A.R., Bahatmaka, A., Hadi, S., 2022. Analytical review of material criteria as supporting factors in horizontal axis wind turbines: effect to structural responses. Procedia Structural Integrity, 27, 155-162. Prabowo, A.R., Prabowoputra, D.M., 2020. Investigation on Savonius turbine technology as harvesting instrument of non-fossil energy: Technical development and potential implementation. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, 10(4), 262-269. Prasetyo, S.D., Prabowo, A.R., Arifin, Z., 2023. The use of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector system as a sustainable energy-harvest instrument in urban technology. Heliyon, 9(2), e13390.