PSI - Issue 48

Arifin Nurcholis et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 48 (2023) 33 – 40 Nurcholis et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000

35

3

Figure 2. Beam temperature history Figure 3. Variation of yield stress with temperature Figure 4. Temperature-dependent material behaviour

Figure 2 shows the structure's temperature when heated to 800 °C, then cooled to average temperature. Figures 3 and 4 are graphs of material strength against temperature. The employed material is steel so it will have a yield strength of 250 MPa at an average temperature. The yield stress value of the material will decrease to 0 MPa when the stem temperature reaches 1000 °C. The expansion coefficient is constant, namely 1.2 x 10 -5 °C [Gillie, 2009]. To avoid failure of the calculation analysis, the yield stress value of the material at 1000 °C can be assumed to be 0.1 Pa. The change in yield caused by this assumption can be ignored because the change is very small. 3. Numerical study properties In this paper, a numerical study uses ABAQUS Dynamics Explicit. However, the results and discussion will show the simulation results carried out by Gillie [2009] using different software as media benchmarks. This simulation uses two core processors. The time needed to complete each calculation is 10 to 15 minutes. The following is a configuration of boundary conditions, applied loads, and mesh variation used for numerical analysis. Boundary conditions are problem boundaries that are used to limit the analysis. In this case, the boundary conditions that are applied in the ABAQUS Dynamic Explicit analysis are used to describe stem motion. As depicted in Figure 5, both rod ends are supported using pinned supports. The left end of the rod is held against U1, U2, U3, UR1, and UR2. At the right end, the rod is held against U2, U3, UR1, and UR2. With this configuration, both sides of the rod can rotate about the UR3 axis, and the rod can extend towards the U1 axis to be used to define the stiffness level of the rod. The stem stiffness value is considered as a spring with DOF at U1. 3.1. Boundary condition

Figure 5. Details of the boundary condition.

3.2. Applied loads In this case, the loading on the rod can be divided into three stages: the initial condition (before loading), the state during mechanical loading, and the situation when the structure is affected by heat. At the time of mechanical loading, the structural load is applied to the structure. Because the load received by the structure is a uniform load along the structure in a downward direction, the type of loading used in the analysis is surface traction with a loading configuration towards the negative U2 axis, as shown in Figure 6.