PSI - Issue 48

Aleksandar Šotić et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 48 (2023) 266 – 273 Šotić et al / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

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4. Final remarks The paper briefly presents the STAMP/STPA methodology as a basis for guiding the design and development of the system. On the example of HPP Pirot, certain sequences of the methodology were demonstrated. It can be concluded that the causes of adverse events should be sought:  in design and construction (in inadequate hazard analysis, inadequate design and application of control and mitigation measures),  in system operations (controls that are assumed to exist do not exist, are not used, or are found to be ineffective, as well as that controls exist and are used and were originally effective, but changes over time violate the assumptions on which they are based design) and  in system management (out-of-date process model, flaws in communication with a higher hierarchical level, etc.). From this analysis, we can conclude that HPP Pirot is a very reliable system in its primary task - electricity production. Reliability, however, is not the same as safety – those are quite different properties. One does not imply or require the other - a system can be reliable and unsafe or safe and unreliable (Leveson, 2004). In some cases, the two properties of the system are in conflict, that is, by making the system as safe as possible we can reduce the reliability, and by increasing the reliability we can reduce the safety. References ASIS, 2009. SPC.1-2009 - Organizational Resilience Standard, Organizational resilience: security, preparedness, and continuity management systems – requirements with guidance for use, 66. p, ISBN: 978-1-887056-92-2 Ashby, W. R., 1956. An Introduction to Cybernetics, Chapman and Hall, London. Davis, T., 2006. A Failure of Initiative. U.S. House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. ISBN 0-16-075425-9. 364 p. Dulac, N., 2007. A Framework for Dynamic Safety and Risk Management Modeling in Complex Engineering Systems. MIT. 338 p. Haimes, Y. Y., 2004. Risk Modelling, Assessment, and Management, 2nd edn. New Jersey. Wiley. ISBN 978-0470282373. p.837. Hastings, D., H. McManus, 2004. A Framework for Understanding Uncertainty and its Mitigation and Exploitation in Complex Systems. Engineering Systems Symposium, Cambridge, MA. Ivetic M., 2004. Forensic transient analyses of two pipeline failures, Urban Water Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 2004, 85 – 95. Leveson, N., 1995. Safeware: System Safety and Computers. Boston: Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-11972-2. 43 p. Leveson, N., 2002. A New Approach to System Safety Engineering. MIT. 320 p. Leveson, N., 2004. A New Accident Model for Engineering Safer Systems. Safety Science 42 (4), 237-270. Leveson, N., 2011) Engineering a safer world: Systems thinking applied to safety. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01662-9. 534 p. Leveson, N., 2020. Designing an Effective Safety Management System (SMS), MIT, 30 p. Perrow, C., 1984. Normal accidents: Living with high risk technologies. Basic Books, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-465-05143-X. 366 p. Rasmussen, J., I. Svedung, 1997. Risk management in a dynamic society: A modelling problem. Safety Science. Volume 27, Issues 2 – 3, November – December 1997, doi:10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00052-0. p. 183 – 213. Rasmussen, J., M. Lind, 1981. Coping with complexity. RIS0-M-2293. UDC 65.015-1: 681.333. Riso National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. 28 p. Ristić,R., I., 2018. Male hidroelektrane derivacionog tipa:, in Serbian, VODOPRIVREDA, 0350-0519, Vol. 50 (2018) No. 294-296 p. 311-317 Samuels, P., Gouldby, B.; 2009. Language of risk (second edition); April 2009; FloodSite report number: T32-04-01 Sosnovskiy, L.A., 2005. TRIBO-FATIGUE: Wear-Fatigue Damage and its Prediction. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-23153-6. Šotić A., Ivetić M. , 2016. Public health risk analysis through evaluation of drinking water safety, Vojnosanit Pregl 2016; 73(9): 885 – 887. DOI: 10.2298/VSP1609885S USACE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), 1992. Guidelines for Risk and Uncertainty Analysis in Water Resources Planning. Vol. I Principles with Technical Appendices. Report 92-R-1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Water Resources Support Center, Institute of Water Resources. 1992. 78 p. Yen, B.C., 2004. System and component uncertainties in water resources, in Risk, Reliability, Uncertainty, and Robust-ness of Water Resources Systems, edt. Janos J. Bogardi, J. and Kundzewicz, Z., Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-80036-6, UNESCO 2004, p. 220