PSI - Issue 47

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 47 (2023) 253–260

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons Abstract Many materials found in nature show extraordinary mechanical properties, that combine high stiffness with toughness and flaw tolerance. The resilience against damage originates from intricate microstructures, which hinder crack growth. Within this contribution, strategies were explored to replicate the mechanisms found in a type of deep-sea sponge. Guidelines were deduced in order to transfer these concepts to engineering materials. In a first approach, the sponge structure was replicated using microlayer composites of a reinforced matrix and soft interlayers (ILs). Results showed, that matrix layers in this type of architecture needed to be smaller than he inherent defect size in order to maximize the toughness gain. However, despite large improvements in impact strength (factor 4.5), stiffness also suffered severe reductions of up to 90% due to the soft interlayers. Alternatively, fewer but larger layers can be used in multilayer composites. Such structures could achieve increased toughness by a factor of 2.81 while also preserving stiffness. Ultimately, the requirements regarding material composition and layer architecture for effective multilayer structures are summarized. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) 27th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity (IGF27) Concepts towards bio-inspired multilayered polymer-composites Johannes Wiener a , Florian Arbeiter a , Gerald Pinter a * a Materials Science and Testing of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Gloeckel Str. 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria Abstract Many materials found in nature show extraordinary mechanical properties, that combine high stiffness with toughness and flaw tolerance. The resilience against damage originates from intricate microstructures, which hinder crack growth. Within this contribution, strategies were explored to replicate the mechanisms found in a type of deep-sea sponge. Guidelines were deduced in order to transfer these concepts to engineering materials. In a first approach, the sponge structure was replicated using microlayer composites of a reinforced matrix and soft interlayers (ILs). Results showed, that matrix layers in this type of architecture needed to be smaller than he inherent defect size in order to maximize the toughness gain. However, despite large improvements in impact strength (factor 4.5), stiffness also suffered severe reductions of up to 90% due to the soft interlayers. Alternatively, fewer but larger layers can be used in multilayer composites. Such structures could achieve increased toughness by a factor of 2.81 while also preserving stiffness. Ultimately, the requirements regarding material composition and layer architecture for effective multilayer structures are summarized. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons Keywords: multilayer composites ; fracture mechanics ; biomimetics 1. Introduction It is a well-known fact, that high toughness and high stiffness are mutually exclusive in most engineering materials (Ashby and Cebon 1993). Nonetheless, many natural materials do not seem to be affected by the same limitations (Jia et al. 2019). Thus, biological materials are used as blueprint in the present contribution and strategies are deduced to break the performance trade-off for engineering materials. 27th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity (IGF27) Concepts towards bio-inspired multilayered polymer-composites Johannes Wiener a , Florian Arbeiter a , Gerald Pinter a * a Materials Science and Testing of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Gloeckel Str. 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons Keywords: multilayer composites ; fracture mechanics ; biomimetics 1. Introduction It is a well-known fact, that high toughness and high stiffness are mutually exclusive in most engineering materials (Ashby and Cebon 1993). Nonetheless, many natural materials do not seem to be affected by the same limitations (Jia et al. 2019). Thus, biological materials are used as blueprint in the present contribution and strategies are deduced to break the performance trade-off for engineering materials.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 3842 402-2100; fax: +43 3842 402 2102. E-mail address: gerald.pinter@unileoben.ac.at * Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 3842 402-2100; fax: +43 3842 402 2102. E-mail address: gerald.pinter@unileoben.ac.at

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons 2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.018