PSI - Issue 47

Prayoga Wira Adie et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 47 (2023) 142–149 Adie et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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(a)

(b)

(c) (d) Figure 7. Stress contour based on FE analysis: (a) before loading; (b) at step 20; (c) at step 40; and (d) at step 60.

Figure 7a is a stress contour when it is not subjected to a load, so no stress occurs. When observation is continued to Figure 7b, it can be seen that the structure has undergone plastic deformation, this can be seen in the maximum stress that has exceeded the given yield strength. However, it has not yet passed its critical moment. In Figure 7c, it can be seen that the structure has passed a critical moment so that at that time the structure has failed. When it is continued, it can be seen in Figure 7d, where the failure area will get bigger. In this case, the stress propagation only occurs on one side and the direction of this propagation is unidirectional. This is because there is only one component in this structure, so the stress value does not fluctuate. As seen in Figures 7a to 7d, stress propagation only occurs in the middle of the pipe.

(a) (b) Figure 8. Contours of the FE results: (a) displacement contour; and (b) strain contour.

As depicted in Figure 8a, it can be seen that the displacement occurs in only half of the pipe. The higher the end of the pipe, the greater the displacement that occurs. This can be caused by the strain that occurs. Figure 8b shows that the strain that occurs only occurs in the middle of the pipe. Because it only occurs in the middle, then half of the pipe cannot move while the other half is lifted.