PSI - Issue 47

Yogie Muhammad Lutfi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 47 (2023) 660 – 667 Lutfi et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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transportation has become the choice for transporting goods worldwide [Cepowski and Chorab, 2021]. Starting in April 2006, the general structural rules [IACS, 2006a; 2006b] have been adopted for oil tankers and bulk carriers, which focus on the structural design of stiffened panels based on the ultimate limit state (ULS). Several researchers have conducted several studies on the ultimate strength performance of girder hulls, rigid panels, and plate elements through analytical, numerical, and experimental methods, such as, global structural response model for multi-deck ships by Andrić and Žanić [2010], ultimate hull girder strength for grounded container ships by Kim et al. [2013], ultimate strength test of box girders by Garbatov et al. [2015], Y-stiffener profile for the ship structure was investigated by Leheta et al. [2015], ultimate strength of oil tanker after collision by Parunov et al. [2017], ultimate strength subjected to hogging moment and local loads by Tatsumi and Fujikubo [2020], structural resistance of a designed panel as representative of side hull by Prabowo et al. [2021], and imperfection effect on the hull girder ultimate strength by Adiputra et al. [2023]. To determine the final strength value of the design obtained using IACS-CSR for double hull oil tankers. Furthermore, the effect of various cross-sectional configurations of the stiffeners was numerically investigated by Ren et al. [2018] to determine the most suitable type to replace the original steel stiffeners on the upper deck of warships. The configuration of stiffeners or girders has also been studied in other structural parts of various ships, such as the side hull [Prabowo et al., 2019; Ansori et al., 2022], the double bottom [Amlashi and Moan, 2009; Estefen et al., 2016], asymmetrical plate girders [Ibrahim, 2014; Kim et al., 2021], and submarine/pressure hull model by Do et al. [2022]. The effect of structural assessment of stiffened panels and ship structures under different loading scenarios has been well studied [Alwan et al., 2022; Fajri et al., 2022; Prabowo et al., 2022a,b]. However, limited studies are available regarding the structural evaluation of stiffened panels subjected to transverse and lateral pressure acting on the bottom and side plates. To address this issue, additional studies are needed to provide deeper insight into the effect of these parameters. In particular, numerical investigations using finite element analysis are required to study the mechanical reaction of ship hulls with different stiffener designs under loads applied to plate sections and under transverse and lateral loadings conditions. This study aims to further investigate the relationship between the behavior of ship hulls that are stiffened with various stiffener configurations and different types of loading. In this case, the hull geometry and cross-sectional structure of the ISSC-2000 bulk carrier are used as a reference model 2. Configuration of the FE Analysis (FEA) 2.1. Hull reference model In this study, the model used as a reference is a bulk carrier. The choice of this model is based on the bulk carrier, which is a ship carrying goods that are widely used today. The bulk carrier has 324 stiffened panels. The part of the bulk carrier chosen for this study is the hull because the ship's hull will be in direct contact with seawater pressure. The influence of this pressure will be carried out by research to get the ultimate strength value.

(a) (b) Figure 1. Hull girder cross-section of a bulk carrier: (a) 3D model [Prasetyo, 2018], and (b) ISSC-2000 model [IACS, 2006a ].