PSI - Issue 47

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 47 (2023) 205–212

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons Abstract The development of digital technologies has already supported the production of accurate representations of structures, with applications in conservation, monitoring and Building Information Modelling projects. The exploitability of their outputs remains particularly challenging with respect to applications for structural analysis of historic structures. This paper investigates the use and potential of 3D laser scanning output for structural engineering applications and suggests a semi-automatic, user-friendly approach to building 3D finite element models utilizing point cloud data. Compatible computational techniques offered by commercial software are investigated, with findings applied to the case study of the 6m-high freestanding masonry tusk of Spynie Palace, Scotland. The structural response of the tusk is studied under critical load combinations that lead to stress patterns confirming the location of vulnerable areas with visible signs of deterioration on the real structure. Further research is identified with a view towards adapting the methodology to suit the needs of structural typologies and the nature of structural problems commonly encountered in properties in the care of Historic Environment Scotland. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. Tusk at Spynie Palace, Scotland Aikaterini Marinelli a *, Mukesh Kumari a a School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston campus, EH10 5DT Edinburgh, Scotland Abstract The development of digital technologies has already supported the production of accurate representations of structures, with applications in conservation, monitoring and Building Information Modelling projects. The exploitability of their outputs remains particularly challenging with respect to applications for structural analysis of historic structures. This paper investigates the use and potential of 3D laser scanning output for structural engineering applications and suggests a semi-automatic, user-friendly approach to building 3D finite element models utilizing point cloud data. Compatible computational techniques offered by commercial software are investigated, with findings applied to the case study of the 6m-high freestanding masonry tusk of Spynie Palace, Scotland. The structural response of the tusk is studied under critical load combinations that lead to stress patterns confirming the location of vulnerable areas with visible signs of deterioration on the real structure. Further research is identified with a view towards adapting the methodology to suit the needs of structural typologies and the nature of structural problems commonly encountered in properties in the care of Historic Environment Scotland. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons Keywords: point cloud data; historic structures; masonry; finite element modelling; structural response 1. Introduction The conservation and restoration of cultural heritage encompasses a range of engineering challenges that attract increasing attention by researchers and offer opportunities for novel research and industry collaborations. Numerical modelling of historic masonry structures can improve structural monitoring strategies, inform design and lead to more targeted interventions. The complex geometrical, typological and material characteristics of such structures, in 27th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity (IGF27) From point cloud data to structural modelling: the case study of the Tusk at Spynie Palace, Scotland Aikaterini Marinelli a *, Mukesh Kumari a a School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston campus, EH10 5DT Edinburgh, Scotland 27th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity (IGF27) From point cloud data to structural modelling: the case study of the Keywords: point cloud data; historic structures; masonry; finite element modelling; structural response 1. Introduction The conservation and restoration of cultural heritage encompasses a range of engineering challenges that attract increasing attention by researchers and offer opportunities for novel research and industry collaborations. Numerical modelling of historic masonry structures can improve structural monitoring strategies, inform design and lead to more targeted interventions. The complex geometrical, typological and material characteristics of such structures, in

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 131 455 2553 E-mail address: A.Marinelli@napier.ac.uk * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 131 455 2553 E-mail address: A.Marinelli@napier.ac.uk

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons 2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.013