PSI - Issue 47

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 47 (2023) 282–289

27th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity (IGF27) Fatigue Behavior of the Hybrid Beam Jaroslav Václavík a *, Radka Musilová a , Lukasz Dopierala b , Bartlomiej Walczak b , Marek Hejman c 27th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity (IGF27) Fatigue Behavior of the Hybrid Beam Jaroslav Václavík a *, Radka Musilová a , Lukasz Dopierala b , Bartlomiej Walczak b , Marek Hejman c

a Research and testing institute Plzen, Tylova 1581/46, Plzen 301 00, Czech Republic b Solaris Bus and Coach, ul. Obornicka 46, Bolechowo-Osiedle, 62-005 Owi ń ska, Poland c Fatigue Analysis RI s.r.o., V Zátiší 423, Zru č -Senec 330 08, Czech Republic a Research and testing institute Plzen, Tylova 1581/46, Plzen 301 00, Czech Republic b Solaris Bus and Coach, ul. Obornicka 46, Bolechowo-Osiedle, 62-005 Owi ń ska, Poland c Fatigue Analysis RI s.r.o., V Zátiší 423, Zru č -Senec 330 08, Czech Republic

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons Abstract The hybrid beam for bus structure parts is the combination of CFRP and hollow profile made from stainless steel. Special intention is focused to lower the bus structure mass and increase stiffness resistance to crash and fatigue damage. The paper presents the requirements for the hybrid structure and gives results of some fatigue test with the support of FEM analysis. The goal is to optimize the location of hybrid beam on the structure to ensure that the CFRP layer will not be destroyed or delaminated. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons Keywords: hollow profile, fatigue, hybrid beam, CFRP 1. Introduction Nowadays automotive industry faces big technological challenge which is the consequence of the fact that vehicle producers must achieve the lowest possible weight of the vehicle with a view to reducing the energy consumption and environmental impact. However the requirements for modern vehicles decrease space in the vehicle and increase its mass and limit the available passenger capacity of the bus. Therefor high interest is for using hybrid materials - standard structure parts with parts, stiffened with CFRP (carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer) layers. One way, how to use the composites in the bus structure is to change some parts for composite nodes and/or adding some parts to Abstract The hybrid beam for bus structure parts is the combination of CFRP and hollow profile made from stainless steel. Special intention is focused to lower the bus structure mass and increase stiffness resistance to crash and fatigue damage. The paper presents the requirements for the hybrid structure and gives results of some fatigue test with the support of FEM analysis. The goal is to optimize the location of hybrid beam on the structure to ensure that the CFRP layer will not be destroyed or delaminated. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons Keywords: hollow profile, fatigue, hybrid beam, CFRP 1. Introduction Nowadays automotive industry faces big technological challenge which is the consequence of the fact that vehicle producers must achieve the lowest possible weight of the vehicle with a view to reducing the energy consumption and environmental impact. However the requirements for modern vehicles decrease space in the vehicle and increase its mass and limit the available passenger capacity of the bus. Therefor high interest is for using hybrid materials - standard structure parts with parts, stiffened with CFRP (carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer) layers. One way, how to use the composites in the bus structure is to change some parts for composite nodes and/or adding some parts to

* Corresponding author. Tel.:+420 605 221 757 E-mail address: vaclavik@vzuplzen.cz * Corresponding author. Tel.:+420 605 221 757 E-mail address: vaclavik@vzuplzen.cz

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons 2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the IGF27 chairpersons 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.097