Issue 23

M. Bocciolone et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 23 (2013) 34-46; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.23.04

Input data

NiTiCu

CuZnAl

Glass fiber

Young Modulus E [MPa] Poisson Coefficient [-]

23000

78000

17000

0.30

0.20

0.35

Density [kg/mm 3 ]

6.50 10 -6

7.40 10 -6

1.86 10 -6

Table 2 : Input data for the FEM analyses.

Figure 10 : Thin sheets following laser micro-cutting with three different patterns, having a different SMA surface/total surface ratio. Three different patterns of thin SMA sheets, characterized by the same elliptical shape, but having a different hole surface/SMA surface ratio are proposed (Fig. 10). The hole surface/SMA surface ratio is equal to 2.4, 2.25 and 0.65 for the pattern named Large ellipses, Few Small Ellipses and Many Small Ellipses respectively. Likewise, for comparison, the case of thin, un-patterned SMA sheets were also considered. Given the two selected material of Tab. 2 and the geometries of the patterns shown in Figura 10, the effect of the thin sheet thickness on the first natural frequency of the beam and on the splitting of the modal strain energy between GFRP laminated composite and reinforcement was numerically investigated. The preliminar result of the numerical analyses is about the first natural frequency. As the thickness of the fiber glass/epoxy resin base composite is kept constant (4.6 mm), if the thicknesses (t) of the SMA equal to 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm, the specific weight (  ) of the hybrid composite is slightly affected by the presence of the SMA insert, and the increase of the first natural frequency with thin, patterned SMA-Large ellipse, SMA-Many Small ellipse, and SMA-Few Small ellipse, sheets is limited and almost independent on the thickness. Only for the unpatterned SMA the first natural frequency is thickness dependent and the maximum variation is about 5% when the thickness is 0.3 mm. Results are reported in Tab. 3 for the first vibrational mode of the hybrid composite with, SMA-Large ellipses, SMA- Many Small ellipses and SMA-not patterned, Ni 40 Ti 50 Cu 10 thin sheets embedded. t [ mm] f [ Hz] a thin sheets [%] a GFRP laminated composite [%] tan  [%] Fiber glass/ epoxy resin -- 71.1 -- 100 0.84 SMA -Large ellipse

0.92 1.10 1.30 1.04 1.18 1.30 1.76 1.68 1.94

95.1 91.5 88.4 93.7 89.3 85.6 84.5 73.2 64.6

4.9 8.5 11.6 6.2 10.7 14.4 15.5 26.7 35.3

73.9 74.1 74.2 74.1 74.3 74.3 75.5 76.6 77.5

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3

SMA- Small ellipse

SMA-not patterned

Table 3 : FEM analysis estimated loss factor of the hybrid composite with Ni 40 Ti 50 Cu 10

thin sheets embedded.

40