PSI - Issue 42

Sabrina Vantadori et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 42 (2022) 133–138 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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fracture toughness determined through the TPM, that is, by considering crack propagation under pure Mode I loading. Finally, according to the obtained results, the average value of ( ) S I II C K + is equal to about 1/3 of that characterising a traditional concrete (with a compressive strength of 37 MPa), thus confirming a feasible use of the shot-earth as a construction material. 5. Conclusions In the present research work, a specific mixture of shot-earth, named shot-earth 772, has been characterized in terms of fracture behaviour. In particular, three-point bending tests under CMOD control have been carried out on notched prismatic specimens extracted from a shot-earth panel. From the experimental load-CMOD curves, the fracture toughness values have been computed by employing a modified version of the Two-Parameter Model (MTPM), proposed for taking into account a local Mixed Mode loading. The results evaluated through the MTPM are in favor of safety with respect to those determined by applying the classical TPM, with a decrease of the fracture toughness value up to 26%. Moreover, the average value of fracture toughness computed by using the MTPM is about 1/3 of that of a traditional concrete with a compressive strength of 37 MPa. A further characterization of the fracture behaviour of shot-earth specimens loaded orthogonally to the spraying direction is in progress in order to investigate the possible material anisotropy. Acknowledgements The work of Sabrina Vantadori, Andrea Carpinteri and Andrea Zanichelli is supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (F.I.S.R. National Grant 2019, Project code FISR2019_00245, funding 1.536.968,43 €; University of Parma Research Unit). References Curto, A., Lanzoni, L., Tarantino, A.M., Viviani, M., 2020. Shot-earth for sustainable constructions. Construction and Building Materials 239, No. 117775. Huang, L., Krigsvoll, G., Johansen, F., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., 2018. Carbon emission of global construction sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81, 1906 – 1916. Jenq, Y.S., Shah, SP., 1985. Two-Parameter fracture model for concrete. Journal of Engineering Mechanics 111, 1227 – 41. RILEM Technical Committee, 50-FMC, 1985. Determination of the fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bend test on notched beams, proposed RILEM draft recommendations. Materials and Structures 18, 285 – 290. RILEM Technical Committee, 89-FMT, 1990.Determination of fracture parameters (KsIC and CTODc) of plain concrete using three-point bend tests, proposed RILEM draft recommendations. Materials and Structures 23, 457 – 460. Schroeder, H., 2016. Sustainable Building with Earth. Springer, Switzerland. Vantadori, S., Carpinteri, A., Guo, L.P., Ronchei, C., Zanichelli, A., 2018. Synergy assessment of hybrid reinforcements in concrete. Composites Part B: Engineering 147, 197-206. Vantadori, S. , Żak , A., Sadowski, Ł ., Ronchei, C., Scorza, D., Zanichelli, A., Viviani, M., 2022. Microstructural, chemical and physical characterisation of the Shot-Earth 772. Construction and Building Materials 341, 127766. Vyncke, J., Kupers, L., Denies, N., 2018. Earth as building material – an overview of RILEM activities and recent innovations in geotechnics. MATEC Web Conference 149, 02001.