PSI - Issue 42

James C. Hastie et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 42 (2022) 614–622 J.C. Hastie et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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and on the external surface a film condition simulates free convection based on surrounding temperature, T ∞ , and heat transfer coefficient, h c . An initial temperature is applied as a predefined field to the entire part prior to the coupled temperature-displacement step.

Fig. 2. Operating load model

The spooling model is shown in Fig. 3. Bending is imposed via rotations applied to reference points at each end of the pipe, rigidly coupled to the pipe end faces. The total angle of rotation is L / R , where L is the length of the pipe and R is the bending radius ( R = 1/ K ; K is the curvature). Uniform temperature, T , is applied simultaneously with bending in a coupled-temperature displacement step. Initial temperature is defined using a predefined field.

Fig. 3. Spooling model (model end conditions symmetric at opposite end)

2.2. Pipe configuration and materials The pipe dimensions resemble real-world products without emulating any one in particular. Internal and external radii are 76 mm and 100 mm respectively. The inner liner, FRP laminate and outer liner are each 8 mm thick. The laminate comprises eight 1 mm-thick unidirectional layers. Four configurations, named A-D, with different laminate unidirectional layer orientations specified in Table 1 are studied. The pipe comprises unidirectional AS4/APC-2 carbon/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) laminate layers and homogeneous PEEK inner and outer liner. Temperature-dependent material properties were previously compiled from literature and listed in Hastie et al. (2019a). Perfect layer bonding is assumed.