PSI - Issue 42

Rami A. Hawileh et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 42 (2022) 1198–1205 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

1200

3

width of the web (mm)

distance from the extreme compression fiber to neutral axis (mm) d distance from extreme compression fiber to the bottom reinforcement (mm). ′ distance from extreme compression fiber to the top reinforcement (mm). ′ concrete compressive strength (MPa) tensile strength of concrete (MPa) f y yield strength of longitudinal reinforcement (MPa) f yv yield strength of stirrups (MPa) ℎ flange height (mm) factored axial load (N); taken as positive for compression and negative for tension s spacing of stirrups (mm) shear contribution of concrete (N) nominal shear capacity of the member (N) component in the direction of the applied shear of the effective prestressing force reduction factor for light weight concrete, taken as 1 for normal weight concrete factor indicating ability of cracked concrete to transmit tension and shear θ angle of inclination of diagonal compressive stresses ′ ratio of top reinforcement = ′ / . width ratio = b f /b w depth ratio = h f /h ratio of shear reinforcement ratio of longitudinal reinforcement = /

2. Experimental Database The experimental database consisted of a total of 21 T-beam specimens taken from four studies (Abdul Samad et al. (2016); Ayensa et al. (2019); O. M. Ramadan et al. (2022); Thamrin et al. (2016)). The specimens were divided into two groups: specimens with stirrups (12) and specimens without stirrups (9). The data base included specimens that failed primarily in shear under concentrated loading. Table 1 summarizes the range of parameters for all the shear tests.

Table 1. Range of parameters

(mm) ℎ (mm) (mm) (mm) ℎ (mm) ′ (MPa) / (%) 100-200 250-550 212-498 250-600 70-150 28.8-43.5 1.9-3.8 1-3.4

Variable

Range

3. Shear design models The design guidelines that were considered in this study to predict the shear capacity of RC T-beams were the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-19 (2019)), Canadian Standards Association (CSA23.3-04 (2004)), British Standard (BS 8110-1:1997 (1997)), and the European Standard (Eurocode2 (2004)). In addition, three models were adopted from the literature that were derived to calculate the shear capacity of RC T-beams. The first one is by Zararis et al. (2006) which was derived based upon determining an effective area with an effective width, taking into account the distribution of strains over a vertical section and the equation of forces. The second T-section shear design model is derived by Ramadan et al. (2022). The authors developed an equation based on the simplified ACI method, which was modified to include the left and right pultruded part of the flange. The last equation used in this study was by Thamrin et al. (2016). In this study, an equation for T-sections without stirrups was developed considering that the width and thickness of the flange are the main variables predicting the additional shear strength contributed by the flange. A simple statistical procedure was used to develop a model that includes the flange geometry parameters. The following subsections present the equations used in this study.